Managing Cahange Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 5000 words

Managing Cahange - Essay Example The resources within the surgery are fairly well supplied. There is a good system in place to keep the prescriptions secure. There is a fully computerised clinical system, to maintain appointments, prescriptions, consultations etc. The practice is almost paper free and working towards becoming papers less. There is an open surgery every morning, so that patients receive emergency care when it is needed. Drug clinics run every Thursdays to cater for the drug addicts within the area. The staff is bilingual which means that the practice can provide service to in different languages to a wide range of nationalities within the area. The practice receives additional income for filling in insurance forms and solicitor's reports. The reputation of the surgery locally means that patients are received by word of mouth and through it's central location. Weaknesses There are 2 floors, so the surgery would find it difficult to employ disabled staff due to the fact that they would not be able to travel up and down the stairs. The refurbishments on Earl's Court Road mean that more patients will be attracted to the area the surgery is in. Due to the size of the premises it is possible to offer complimentary therapies, which means additional services for our patients i.e. osteopath, homeopath, acupuncturist etc. There is no named person to check the stock, which leads to the surgery running out of stock. This also leads to confusion as to where the stock is. This uses up the reception staffs time which could otherwise be used dealing with patients queries. The surgery requires a new clinical software upgrade, to speed up service and...The Practice moved in to its location in 1990 and is being fully computerised since then and now is nearly paperless. Doctors and staff record all patients' data on the clinical system. The Practice linked to the STHA for Registration and Items of Service claims and Chelsea and Westminster Hospital for Radiology and pathology results. The Practice has monthly Practice meetings to deal with any matters of concern. To produce a SWOT analysis of the practice and its services involving and considering the views and opinions of the entire practice team and its patients. In order to determine future planning of the practice's services. The refurbishments on Earl's Court Road mean that more patients will be attracted to the area the surgery is in. Due to the size of the premises it is possible to offer complimentary therapies, which means additional services for our patients i.e. osteopath, homeopath, acupuncturist etc. There is no named person to check the stock, which leads to the surgery running out of stock. This also leads to confusion as to where the stock is. This uses up the reception staffs time which could otherwise be used dealing with patients queries. Due to the central location of the surgery the running costs are higher. The area provides patients with different cultural backgrounds which affects maintaining a high standard, because of the language differences. Change

Tides Case Essay Example for Free

Tides Case Essay 1)why the east cost has one high and one low tide a day but other parts of the world have two per day? The most common type of tide around the world is the semi-diurnal type; this consists of two high and two low tides per day. Semi-diurnal tides occur when water is not uniformly raised; this may be due to ocean currents, tributary rivers and other out and in flowing systems. This results in water sloshing around, making the tide phases twice per day. The coast off Florida however, has a diurnal type of tide, having only one low and one high tide per day. Diurnal tides occur when water is relatively trapped, resulting in a uniform movement resonating from the center which follows the lunar phases. 2) How is it we are experiencing GLOBAL WARMING LA NINA? I am confused how both can exist at the same time. The world’s temperature is increasing due to global warming. La Nià ±a is brought upon by the abnormal cooling of the pacific Ocean. How can this two phenomena coexist? The Earth’s temperature is regulated by wind and ocean currents, evenly distributing the Earth’s heat. The increase in the Earth’s temperature is an added strain to this system, implying that the currents need to distribute more heat. In distributing this heat, some areas become abnormally cool while other become abnormally hot. Whaen the abnormally cool area falls upon the Pacific Ocean, La Nià ±a then occurs. 3)Is gravity the only cause of a wave change in shape at the shoreline? Gravity plays an important part in determining what shape a wave takes as it approaches the shore. However, strong winds that hit the wave can also mould it, either making it roll, or making its top crumble altogether. Additional, the tide in effect near the shore can define how high a wave is when approaching. Source: Calvert J.B. (2003) Tidal Observations Retrieved April 12 2007 from http://www.du.edu/~jcalvert/geol/tides.htm#Gulf

Cost Volume Profit (CVP) Analysis Applications

Cost Volume Profit (CVP) Analysis Applications 1. Introduction The use of Cost Volume Profit (CVP) Analysis depends upon a number of clear assumptions, for its application in resolving problems, simplifying complexities and aiding decision-making in business issues. Areas of application, inter alia, include pricing, calculating contribution, computing costs, deciding sales mixes, estimating breakeven points, assessing profitability, and achieving profits. As a financial tool in the hands of accountants, (professionals who are generally more at home in dealing with simple and linear arithmetic than with the intricacies of statistics and calculus), it is invaluable, brilliant in its simplicity and in its ability for using straightforward calculations to make sense out of complicated business situations. CVP analyses work on certain basic assumptions in areas of sales, in unit price and volume, and costs, fixed and variable, for their simplest and most straightforward applications. However, the irregularities of actual business situations, their proneness to pick up complex variables, and their stubborn refusal to abide by the norms of arithmetical linearity, introduce a number of issues that sometimes make it difficult to apply simple arithmetical concepts like CVP towards their resolution. The simplicity of an analytical tool such as CVP can cut both ways. It can be both its greatest virtue and its major shortcoming. The real world is complicated, no less so in the world of managerial affairs; and a typical analytical model will remove many of those complications in order to preserve a sharp focus. That sharpening is usually achieved in two basic ways: simplifying assumptions are made about the basic nature of the model and restrictions are imposed on the scope of the model. (Guidry, Horrigan Craycraft, 1998) Businesses that do not have a single product sales portfolio, and who, in the normal course of their activities, sell a number of products, sometimes quite dissimilar from each other, face even more difficult and complex challenges in the application of CVP concepts. It is the purpose of this assignment to examine the appropriateness of applying CPV techniques in business environments, wherein companies produce and sell a number of dissimilar products, with particular reference to the specific assumptions needed for such exercises. 2. Commentary In base terms, a CVP analysis deals with sales, costs, contribution and ultimate profitability. Arithmetical manipulation of the relation between unit sale price, total sales, variable costs, contribution, fixed costs and profitability, results in information about breakeven volumes, the implications of both variable and fixed costs on margins and final profitability, thus helping decision making in such issues. a. Sales The first set of assumptions, in this methodology, concerns financial data regarding sales. CVP techniques work on the assumption that product sale prices will remain constant and total sales will necessarily be a linear multiple of the number of units sold. As such, if ‘x’ is the sales price in GBP and ‘a’ the volume in units, total sales will equal ax GBP. In most business situations, factors like volume and cash discounts, as well as introductory offers to new customers, often cause changes in sales prices. It is general practice for accountants, in such situations, to arrive at an average sales price depending upon the business environment, and the needs of the market, and apply it for CVP exercises. This situation could become complicated, if sales prices differ in different geographical areas, and infinitely more complex for analysis, if a company deals with a number of products, each of which may have a range of items, and different pricing policies. Furthermore, the use of average prices becomes patently unsuitable, if not downright silly, in environments where a number of diverse products make up the sales basket. b. Variable Costs Costs, for CVP analyses, consist of two broad categories, variable costs and fixed costs. Variable costs are costs that change directly in proportion to changes in volume. They include the wages of production workers or salespeople, raw materials, electric power to run machines, and the cost of maintaining inventory. While most variable costs are of a direct nature, their movement, in actuality, is never strictly linear and they tend to change somewhat, decreasing with initial volume increases, remaining stable for a substantial period and then inching upwards, after volumes exceed a certain limit. While accountants are aware that costs are never fully variable or fully fixed, this differentiation helps in some exercises, notably CVP applications. Costing and production departments thus try to segregate variable costs to the best of their knowledge and ability. â€Å"Splitting out fixed and variable costs can be a long, time consuming process; and techniques such as the inspection of accounts method really are not suitable if the analysis is to be realistic. At the very least, some kind of statistical or mathematical analysis will have to be undertaken.†(Williamson, 2000) The impact of different sales prices, and variable costs, of different items, for a company that deals in many diverse products, introduces a host of complexities in the use of CVP techniques, which primarily work on the assumptions of single product lines, constant sales prices, variable costs, and linear movements of both, in accordance with volumes. Fixed Costs, another important factor for CVPA exercises, comprise of expenses that do not change in proportion to the level of activity of a business. They can include both overheads, like rent and utilities, as well as direct costs like salaries. It also needs understanding that fixed costs remain steady only within a certain range of activity, and for a definite period. They are quite liable to change with time and with level of activity. c. Multi product Situations CVP exercises make use of all these components, namely sales prices, sales volume, variable costs and fixed costs to arrive at conclusions regarding contribution margins, breakeven points, pricing decisions, minimum volumes that need selling, and similar other financial issues. While CVP analyses progress on the assumption that primary factors will behave predictably, at least for single product companies, the situation in real life business environments is very different and sales prices, variable costs and fixed costs get impacted by developments like changes in pricing policies, needs for special discounts, inflation, and mid term salary increases. All organizations are subject to uncertainties, leading to risks of failing to meet expectations. Even though each organization is subject to distinctive business risks, all of them face uncertainties related to the economic environment. These uncertainties increase manifold in the case of organisations that deal in various diverse products, with differing sales prices and variable costs. Even the treatment of fixed costs becomes complex because some fixed costs would be applicable to specific product lines, (e.g. departmental salaries or rent) while others would be applicable to all product groups like the MD’s remuneration or legal retainer fees. Such business settings lead to violation of basic assumptions needed for CVP exercises. Moreover, this sort of nonlinear behaviour, of both revenues and costs, and the increasing number of uncertainties could affect the assumptions required for CVP analyses and lead to invalid conclusions. In addition, it could be difficult to determine the point of operating activity where operations move into a new relevant range. Any simple and straightforward attempt at resolving CVP issues, even for a company with just ten product lines, each with different revenue and cost cha racteristics could thus fail without the use of mathematical modelling, which at times could become quite unwieldy. Multi product situations, which automatically lead to the emergence of numerous variables and to the violation of the tenets of CVP methods, are inevitable in real life business situations, and it would thus be quite impossible to find problems that satisfy all CVP assumptions. Does this imply that the CVP method is just a simplistic arithmetical tool that is adequate for use in costing textbooks, as well as for simplifying basic cost issues for beginners, but actually of no use in real life situations where (a) the sales baskets of companies always have many products, and (b) costs are not amenable to straitjacketed behaviour? Notwithstanding the meagre probability of the assumptions required for CVP exercises occurring in real life situations, CVP analyses still maintain their relevance in operational and financial decision making, even in multi product situations, albeit with some provisos and modifications. The most widespread application of CVO, in multi product situations happens in the formulation and determination of sales mix. In such situations where there are, for example, five products with differing unit sales prices and variable costs, it is possible to find the contribution of each product per piece, by subtracting the variable cost from the sales price. An analysis of comparative contributions thus provides information about the potential profitability of the different products, and determination of the product mix that will contribute most towards the profitability of the company. The use of a practical example will be of use in illustrating these statements Data relating to hypothetical Company ABC Product A B C D E Sales Price GBP 5 6 8 11 12 Sales Volumes Nos. 100 250 325 25 200 Product Mix % 11 28 36 3 22 Variable Costs GBP 3 2 4 5 7 Contribution GBP 2 4 4 6 5 Total Contribution GBP 200 1000 1300 150 1000 The use of simple CVP analyses makes it possible to come to the following conclusions. Product E, even though it has the highest Sales Price does not give the highest contribution, either per piece or in totality. Product D, even if it has the highest contribution per piece gives the lowest total contribution Product C, which has a medium contribution of 4 GBP provides the highest total contribution to the company Profit optimising activities should primarily focus on (a) increasing the contribution of Product A and (b) increasing the sales of Product E and D. Apart from these conclusions, CVP techniques will be useful in calculating the breakeven point of the company’s current operations, after ascertainment of fixed costs, and by using the weighted average of contributions of the total products, based on the current product mix. In this particular case the weighted average of the contribution of the company’s products, obtained by dividing the total contribution of 3650 GBP by total sales of 900 units works, out to 4.05 GBP per piece. Thus, if the fixed costs of the company are 4500 GBP per year, the company will have to sell (4500/4.05) 1112 units to break even, considering maintenance of the current product mix. Income tax does not come into play until achievement of break-even levels. However, once breakeven levels are crossed, the profit after tax at various levels of sales is easily obtainable by multiplying the sales numbers, in excess of the BEP, with the weighted contribution per unit and obtaining the product of this figure and the post tax percentage. If, for example the company plans to sell 2000 products during a year, and the level of tax is 30 %, the total after tax profits can be worked out by multiplying 882 (2000 – 1112) with 4.05 and then again with 70% (being the post tax income). As such, 882 * 4.05 * 70 %, which equals to 2500 GBP will be the post tax profits at a sale level of 2000 units with the same product mix, sales prices, variable and fixed costs. The use of Excel sheets becomes very useful for such exercises and enables accountants to work upon a number of options with varying products mixes, changes in sales prices and the impact of different factors on variable and fixed costs. It thus becomes possible to forecast a number of situations and engage in a number of sensitivity exercises. 3. Conclusion The use of CVP analysis depends upon a number of assumptions in areas of sales and costs for its proper application. Many of these assumptions get violated in actual business situations, more so when a company deals in a number of products with different price and cost structures. While these factors do lead to difficulties in using CVP techniques, the availability of spreadsheets, particularly the options available with Microsoft Excel make it possible for accountants to use these techniques in different business scenarios with changes in assumptions without great difficulty or tedious and repetitive calculations. In case of situations where the number of variables becomes extensive, the use of probabilistic models helps in CVP analysis. However, the use of probabilistic techniques in normal business situations is quite rare, and the careful and knowledgeable use of CVP techniques, with the aid of spreadsheets, proves adequate in handling many multi product requirements. CPV analysi s also faces criticism because conclusions and recommended decisions, arising out of its use, disregards wealth and risk implications. Nevertheless, its continuous use and adaptability reinforces the robustness of the model and its adaptability to changing business needs. Word Count: 2128 words Bibliography Bhimani, A. (Ed.).,2003, Management Accounting in the Digital Economy. Oxford: Oxford University Press. Guidry, F., Horrigan, J. O., Craycraft, C., 1998, CVP Analysis: A New Look. Journal of Managerial Issues, 10(1), 74+. Heymann, H. G., Bloom, R. ,1990, Opportunity Cost in Finance and Accounting. Westport, CT: Quorum Books. Lawrence, C. M., 2006, Cost Management: A Strategic Focus, 3d Ed. Issues in Accounting Education, 21(3), 324+. Mascha, M. F., 2002, Cost Management: Strategies for Business Decisions. Issues in Accounting Education, 17(4), 451+. Riahi-Belkaoui, A.,1992, The New Foundations of Management Accounting. New York: Quorum Books. Williamson, D, 2000, Cost Volume Profit Analysis: Its Assumptions and Their Pitfalls, Fortune City, Retrieved March9, 2007 from business.fortunecity.com/discount/29/cvpassweb.html

Essay --

Nuclear energy comes from the nucleus of an atom. The source, or fuel, of nuclear energy is most commonly Uranium 235 Nuclear energy can be converted into electricity, as a secondary energy source, which flows through power lines and other sources to be transmitted to your home. Fission means to split apart. Inside the nuclear reactor, uranium atoms are split apart in a controlled chain reaction. A slow neutron can be captured by a uranium-235 nucleus, and leave it unstable when undergoing nuclear fission. If a neutron goes too fast, it will not be captured in the nucleus, so neutrons must be slowed down to increase their chance to the captured in the reactors. The pressurized water reactor is better to the environment than the boiling water reactor because more of pressurized water reactor is enclosed in a containment structure, which produces less radiation to the surrounding area. Uranium is found in uranium mines. Searching for uranium is sometimes easier to find than for other mineral resources because the radiation signature of uranium's decay products allows deposits to be recognized and charted from the air. The energy released by the fission that takes place in a nuclear reactor is converted and generated into electricity. Both fission and fusion are actively used in providing power for the missions in space. They create higher velocities that increase the speed of rockets. Nuclear energy can be used by archaeologists, geologists and anthropologists in defining the age of rocks, insects, etc. It can be used in the treatment of cancer through the use of radiotherapy. Nuclear Energy can also be used in Food and Agriculture, Sterilization, Tracing Pollutants, Detecting Leaks in Pipelines, and Power Sources. http://ww... ... energy than what the lasers originally shot at the target. Preparing for a typical fusion reaction takes weeks, but the reaction is completed in less than one-billionth of a second. At the core of the reaction, the pressure is 150 billion times atmospheric pressure. "The density and temperature of the plasma created is nearly three times that at the center of the Sun," Omar Hurricane wrote. Does not emit greenhouse gases Creates a huge amount of energy in small amounts of fuel Can commonly find the fuel to use fusion Does not emit as much radiation as fission We haven’t been able to have a controlled reaction be able unleash huge amounts of energy on earth. We need to have a reaction where we get more energy from fusion than how much energy we need to create it. It only occurs at extremely high pressure and temperatures. Reaction lasts a very short time.

War Film Genre

Matthew Jaskot English 102-7 9:30 A. M Avodian September 20, 2012 War from the Beginning War films have been around for quite some time. They have many different aspects to them. Each film has a little bit different view, depending on what the director wants the audience to get out of the movie. Some target the importance of how horrific and heart breaking war was, while others were used to inspire their country to support their troops.There are films though that go straight to the point of war and show all of the intense combat, the pain and suffering the soldiers did for their country, and the brutality of what countries did to prisoners in concentration camps. War films never get dull, they will keep the audience interested and on the edge of their seat the whole time, unless of course a person cannot handle the blood and sight of innocent soldiers being blown to pieces just to serve their country. As soon as cameras could take moving pictures of combat, war became a popular subje ct for narrative movies.Although no one can be certain of the exact first war movie, many historians feel it is probably a one-and-a-half-minute war film, Tearing Down the Spanish Flag , made on a set in New York City immediately after the United States declared war on Spain in April 1898. All the wars in American history have had stories told about them by Hollywood, although some wars are more popular than others. War films started to get important when they started trying to rally the U. S citizens into believing that the America needed to enter the war.In films like Over the Top and The sinking of the Lusitania rallied the American people by showing them when the Germans sank the Lusitania, when we were neutral in the war. That was enough to make the people mad and influence them to go out and join the military and to go to war. These films were not very long, but were enough to bring out the American spirit in the citizens. When the U. S entered world war one, Hollywood saw it as one of its greatest sources of plots and of course a great source of profit. The films were â€Å"responsible, irreplaceable pieces of teaching† (Youra 22).People could see what was happening at the war, and realize what their soldiers were going through. These films were used mostly as a recruitment use, and as way to make the people angry towards the enemy, suggesting that heroic American involvement would bring home victory. We could see ourselves that the war demands not only on the nerves of the soldiers but also to those who had to stay at home (Kaes 22). Not only did films like these inspire people to join the military, but made the people who stayed at home become aware of the how nerve racking and crucial the war was.War films died off for a period of time after the war, since there was no need to rally the people during a time of peace. Eventually the films picked back in the mid twenties. The first film to really bring start the production of war films again was The Big Parade, it was the first to realistically portray the horrors of battle and the struggle for survival by three soldier-comrades. This film made more money than any other MGM production during this time. These films were more gruesome than viewers were used to seeing.Hantke states that the war was a place of death; imminent, inevitable, violent, inexorably physical, and omnipresent: bloody death, grim death, death without metaphysical or transcendent comforts (702). Films like these really showed how awful and painful war was to those who never went oversea to fight. These films of course had other plots behind them besides war. There was sometimes a love story incorporated into war films. Shortly after war films came back, films about aviation came about. They showed intense dog fights and how nerve racking it was to be a fighter pilot.One of the first films to show this type of combat for the first time was Wings. Not only was this a great deal to show this type of war far e, it was the first film ever to have a separate reel of film for sound effects. This movie showed how dramatizing aviation was, also it was about two pilots who were in love with the same woman, and again love was a secondary plot of this movie like other war films. This was the start of an era for talkies. This really made the film industry take off, people loved hearing the sound effects, and this got the audience more involved with what was going on.When Pearl Harbor was attacked by the Japanese, this really made Hollywood prosper in war films. Nineteen thirty three was not only the annus mirablis of adolf hitler and Franklin Roosevelt, it was also the year of Hollywood’s awakening to fascism (Bernard 41) They again started making movies to try and get the U. S. to enter World War two, when America has been neutral for so long, trying to avoid war. Though films were not needed to America to join the war, the destruction that had been caused to Pearl Harbor should have bee n enough to rally the people, to get them angry and wait to fight back.Films about World War two were not only made during that time period, but some of the best films created were made later on in the twentieth century. The series of The band of Brothers has to be one of the most in deft movies made about this war. They reenacted the whole war with current actors, what really made the film though is the interviews the producers did with actual soldiers from the war. This movie doesn’t just show soldiers at war, but shows them training to go to war. The pain and suffering they went to become a soldier.Now isn’t about all the troops that went, but a single troop of the one hundred and first air bourn division The movie Saving Private Ryan is another great film from the twentieth century. Its’ plot is about finding a soldier who needs to be taken home since he is the last living sibling of his family. The troop that went to get him had to do anything and everythin g to save his life and get him to safety. Starring Tom Hanks as the captain of the troop he, leads them into the heart of war to find this soldier. Movies made later on about world war two, had much greater special effects than of course movies back then, due to technology.World war two films didn’t just idolize the war, but the technology that was developed during this time of war. The icons would include the . 45 automatic, the M-1 carbine, and the American military dress (Whillock 247). Technology such as these weapons added to the effects of war, hearing weapons such as these automatic guns going off so quickly made the audience aware of how dangerous it was to be fired upon by the opposition. No one could see any bullets flying, by the time a soldier heard the first gunshot they could be dead.Obviously there were never any films made about the civil war during that time period, because the idea of a motion picture had never even been thought of yet. It wasn’t till later on were the war films about the Civil War made. One of the earliest films made in 1939 was Gone with the Wind. In this classic a manipulative woman and a roguish man carry on a turbulent love affair in the American south during the Civil War and Reconstruction. This movie was more about a woman trying to find love during a time of war instead of just war itself.The Patriot, which was made in 2000 was about a man trying to not get involved with the American Revolution against Britain. He wanted nothing to do with the war after being involved with the Spanish American war, which haunts him every day. When his son runs off and enlist, he had no other choice but to follow him, to ensure the safety of his son. Soon this film turns into a man wanting revenge, when his son is killed during a battle. Mel Gibson, the star of this movie, will stop at nothing to get revenge on the man who took his son away from him. War films have progressed so much over the years.Form being just a quie t film of black and white, to modern action packed movies full of special effects. These films have been important in every war America has been involved with. They not only informed Americans about how tragic war is, but got citizens to become soldiers and fight for the country they love. Films about war will always continue to be made due to there is so much to cover. There were so many battles that have not been produced on film yet, that could create great motion pictures. War films will continue to be made, since war seems to be a never ending subject around the world.Works Cited Dick, Bernard F. The Star Spangled Screen: The American World War II Film. Lexington: Kentucky , 1985. Hantke, Steffen. â€Å"The Military Horror film: Speculations on a Hybrid Genre†. The Jounal of Popular Culture 4 Nov. 2010: 701-719. Kaes, Anton. Shell Shock Cinema: Weimar Culture and the Wounds of War. Princeton: New Jersey, 2009. Whillock, David E. â€Å"Defining the Fictive American Vietn am War Film. † American Film Journal 18 (Summer 1990) 244-250. Youra, Steven. â€Å"James Agee on Films and the theatre of War†. Film Criticism 10 (Fall 85) 18-31.

Performance Management Essay

1. Summarize the seven (7) components of the framework for coaching and performances management, and identify which ones you require development in and why. The seven components of the frame work for coaching and performance management are the coaching relationship, insight, motivation, capabilities, real-world practice, accountability, and organizational context. The first and most important step in the performance management process is to communicate what is expected. The should also be identifications of any job related learning needs and possible ways to address these needs. There also needs to be a performance review periodically to make sure that job expectations are relevant and appropriate and revise them if needed. Managers are encouraged to do this jointly with their employees which observing and documenting their performance. Throughout the performance management cycle, you should observe your employees’ performance and identify instances of both good and poor performance. Specific events and details are important for employees to clearly understand the impact, results, and consequences of their performance. Thorough documentation will enable you to recognize good performance and help you to correct poor performance. Provide feedback you should provide frequent feedback and coaching to your employees regarding performance throughout the year. This is especially important for the employee who is performing poorly. To be effective, feedback needs to be immediate, specific, and expressed in relation to a particular outcome and expectation. Deal With Performance That Does Not Meet Expectations. You may wish to enlist the support of your manager. He/she can give you the benefit of his or her experience and provide input and support before proceeding. Also, you can use the services of your Human Resources or Labor Relations Components especially if you are contemplating disciplinary action. They will provide the procedural and regulatory guidance as well as assistance in looking at alternatives and providing resources, intervention strategies, and other support.† (Public service commission) 2. Evaluate the validity of each of the reasons provided for failure in performance management. The reasons provided for failure in performance management versus performance appraisal discipline gap, accountability, measurement scarcity or overload, lack of balance and failure to assess impact. â€Å"There are two primary purposes of performance appraisal: evaluative and developmental. The evaluative purpose is intended to inform people of their performance standing. The collected performance data are frequently used to reward high performance and to punish poor performance.† (Smither, 2009) The developmental purpose is intended to identify problems in employees performing the assigned task. The collected performance data are used to provide necessary skill training or professional development. â€Å"The purpose of performance appraisal must be clearly communicated both to raters and rates, because their reactions to the appraisal process are significantly different depending on the intended purpose. Failure to inform about the purpose or misleading information about the purpose may result in inaccurate and biased appraisal reports.† (Cascio, 1998) 3. Identify two (2) of the barriers of success that are evident in preventing successful execution of performance management in a company you know well and recommend a solution to the problems. If you have not worked with or for a company that evaluates employee performance through performance management, imagine what the problems would be based on your knowledge of the company. Be sure to provide your rationale. Future scenarios allow organizations to explore multiple potential futures and generate robust strategies and early warning signs to understand how the future is unfolding. Where a vision articulates a â€Å"preferred future,† future scenarios describe how an organization might achieve its mission in different circumstances or environments. Organizations identify a focal issue or major decision the organization faces and the critical uncertainties in the macro environment, such as social, economic, political, environmental, and technical forces. Scenarios are developed based on combinations of these forces and robust strategies are identified to address multiple futures. Finally, indicators are identified to help understand how the future is affecting the organization’s decisions. In-order to fully understand the rationale past, present, and future analysis would have to be done on different work environments in-order to generally process the full computation of how and HR performance management society would work to stay in constant communication with the employee’s skill set.

Alternative vs. Traditional Fuel Sources Essays

Alternative vs. Traditional Fuel Sources Essays Alternative vs. Traditional Fuel Sources Essay Alternative vs. Traditional Fuel Sources Essay Alternative vs. Traditional Energy Sources The use of alternative energy sources versus the use of traditional energy sources has become one of the country’s, if not the world’s, most heated debate in recent years. For the purposes of this paper, the term â€Å"alternative energy† refers to any form of energy that is not derived from fossil fuels. Alternative energy sources like wind farms, solar cells, hydroelectric dams, biomass fuels, and nuclear power have been considered to be attainable sources that will be able to sustain the global population’s high demands. Traditional energy sources like oil, gas and coal are what the modern world knows and is most comfortable with, as its established fountain of fuel. Weighing the benefits and drawbacks of one power source over another is a complicated process. There are many factors to consider, including everything from understanding the environmental effects of a particular type of power production and consumption, to addressing the power needs of the people and finding methods for delivering the power. Looking at both sides of this issue and surmising which argument seems to hold more water will allow for a reasonable conclusion to be made in favor of one side versus the other. One reason why people support alternative energy sources is because they are better for the environment. As stated in Alternative Energy porcon. org â€Å"Complete elimination of CO2 could occur as early as 2040† (Can). The use of wind farms, solar-electric systems, and nuclear power plants would greatly assist in this elimination as they do not pollute the air with nitrogen oxides, sulfur oxides, dust or greenhouse gases like carbon dioxide. It is believed that the United States should decarbonize itself and stop the spread of global warming. The global population needs to become â€Å"Greener†, which is a marketing term that means cleaner, thus no pollution is involved. Alternative energy production does not create damaging environmental impacts, unlike fossil fuel production, specifically oil. A prime example of this environmental devastation was the major crude oil spill in March 1989, with the grounding of the tanker Exxon Valdez in Prince William Sound, off the Alaskan coastline, spilling an estimated 10. million gallons of crude oil (Exxon). Another reason why people support alternative energy sources is because they are renewable. There are many different types of renewable energy sources, including biomass, wind, solar, hydropower, and geothermal heat. A prime example of this renewable energy source is solar energy which is naturally supported by the suns strong light as well as heat or wind energy which i s naturally supported by the earth’s global winds. Ethanol is also an excellent source of clean and renewable alternative energy. Looking at the article â€Å"Exploring new energy strategies† it was reported that a third-generation Texas oilman is leading the way to swapping oil and gas production for cleaner, renewable energy strategies (Jervis). Fossil fuels are non-renewable energy sources because the earth contains a finite amount of these fuels. Because energy is usable power, the sources of the energy can be used up. For example, if a power plant that generates electricity by burning coal runs out of coal, then it can no longer generate electricity until more coal is put into the power plant burners. Renewable energy, on the other hand, is energy that is replaced at the same rate that it is used. A third argument for the use of alternative energy versus traditional energies is the cost in which it takes to produce it. According to the Nuclear Energy Institute â€Å"U. S. nuclear power plants in 2006 supplied the second-highest amount of electricity in the industry’s history while achieving record-low production costs†. When looking at the numbers â€Å"nuclear-generated electricity typically clears the market for less than 2. cents/kwh (kilowatt hour)†¦as compared to the production costs alone for natural gas-fired power plants averaging 7. 5 cents/kwh† (Nuclear). Along the same lines as nuclear power generated energy is the fact that other alternative energy sources are highly cost effective. Wind and sunlight are free and hydroelectric power is very inexpensive once a dam is built. Conversely traditional gas and oil production processes are very expens ive for energy generation and there are large price swings with the burden of supply and demand. The bottom line for the global society as a whole has always been, and is foreseen to always be, about what it will cost. If a viable alternative source is identified to provide the same energy output at reduced consumer cost, it should be strongly considered if not fully implemented. A final reason why people support alternative energy sources is because they believe that renewable energy technologies will be capable of meeting the entire need for electricity in the United States as well as throughout the world. According to the U. S. Department of Energy â€Å"residential energy use in the United States will increase 25 percent by the year 2025† (Walker). It is necessary to spend the required monies on these renewable energy technologies, which will allow the country to create the needed alternative energy sources to combat this eventual increase in residential usage. An excellent example of this is the 410 million dollar construction project that includes 86 wind turbines on Wolfe Island near Cape Vincent, New York (2008). The renewable energy resources throughout the United States, let alone the entire world, are limitless and virtually untapped. It would be highly short-sighted not to entertain the notion that something other than fossil fuels would be able to meet the foreseeable growth in the global energy demand. One reason why people support fossil fuels as its energy source is due to the fact that oil, coal, and gas are available and already established in the industry for generating electricity. Even though the sun is by far the oldest source of energy, which has provided the earth with heat and light for million of years; it is fossil fuels that dominate as the world’s industrial power generator. According to Daniel Yergin â€Å"The world is not running out of oil† (29). There are trillions of barrels of oil that are yet to be recovered. This growth of oil recovery is projected to come from both OPEC (Organization of Petroleum-Exporting Countries) and non-OPEC members. The current energy producing industries would have to invest tremendously in establishing alternative means of production, while receiving very little on its return. One of the disadvantages that wind and solar power have, when compared with traditional methods, is that they would require the installation of multiple generation plants to meet the current demand. Furthermore, those same alternative energy technologies would require large amounts of land for small amounts of energy generation. Another reason why people support fossil fuels is because coal-produced energy is inexpensive and the technology is becoming more advanced. According to David G. Hawkins, Daniel A. Lashof, and Robert H. Williams â€Å"Implementing CCS (CO2 capture and storage) at coal-consuming plants is imperative if the carbon dioxide concentration in the atmosphere is to be kept at an acceptable level† (65). Emissions from coal-based power plants have been dramatically reduced through the use of advanced technologies, even as the use of coal for generating electricity has â€Å"nearly tripled over the last 30 years† (Hawkins 68). When looking at the numbers â€Å"Today’s coal-based electricity generating fleet is 70% cleaner than it was in 1970† (Should). Coal is at the nucleus of the long-standing debate about the energy future of the world. Many countries economic growth are largely fueled by coal, mainly due to the fact that it remains cheap and abundant; regardless of its pollution and environmental impacts. A third reason why people support fossil fuels is because drilling in the Arctic National Wildlife Refuge (ANWR) would reduce the nation’s dependence on foreign oil, which in turn would strengthen our nation’s economy. According to Larry E. Craig â€Å"As gas prices continue to rise and political instability in the Middle East worsens, the United States must increase its domestic oil production† ( 43). He goes on to state â€Å"The ANWR in Alaska is estimated to have as much as 16 billion barrels of oil under its coastal plain† (43). When looking at the numbers according to prices-oil. org â€Å"as of April 9th, 2009 the price per barrel of oil, most of which is imported from foreign countries, is approximately $51 and forecasted to increase in price from there† (Daily). The United States has spent an exuberant amount of taxpayer’s dollars on imported fossil fuels. It is said that this dependency will put our nation at risk if we continue to base our economy on oil imported from unstable regions of the world. A final reason why people support fossil fuels is because alternative energy sources like solar cells, wind turbines, and biomass plantations can not replace the highly reliable fossil fuel power stations that require 24 hour a day, 365 days a year usage. As stated by James Howard Kunstler â€Å"Based on everything we know right now, no combination of so-called alternative fuels or energy procedures will allow us to maintain daily life in the United States the way we have been accustomed to running it under the regime of oil† (100). Gas, oil and coal are easily obtained and have very sound distribution systems already established for the current power usage levels. Alternative power generation sources are fairly new and do not have those established distribution systems in place. It is one thing to be able to produce the necessary power the global population demands; it is another to be able to disseminate it to those who need it. There is a portion of the world’s population that supports traditional energy sources, like oil and coal versus alternative energies, like wind and solar. Those alternative energy sources suffer because they are deemed undependable and only usable as intermittent sources of energy. In many areas of the United States, alternative energy sources are not feasible, and deemed insufficient to sustain the generation plants for wind and solar requirements. Another example of this alternative energy disadvantage is ethanol, which in some circles is not believed to be a net energy producer. On the other hand, traditional energy production sources can run out. A prime example of this is when a combustion engine car runs out of gasoline, it loses its power and can no longer operate until more fuel is put into the system. At the same time, renewable energy can be replaced through natural processes or through sound management practices, and so it is a source of power that does not run out. A perfect example of this renewable alternative energy is the energy that is generated from the sun, which comes in an abundant supply everyday. A major criticism of the use of alternative fuel sources, specifically wind power, is that they are not as environmentally friendly as some have led us to believe. According to Eric Rosenbloom â€Å"Especially vulnerable are large birds of prey that like to fly in the same sorts of places that developers like to construct wind towers† (78). He goes on to mention â€Å"Noise is another big problem†¦the resulting sound of several towers together has been described to be as loud as a motorcycle, like aircraft continually passing overhead, a brick wrapped in a towel turning in a tumble drier, or as if someone was mixing cement in the sky† (81). On the other hand, fossil fuel energy sources have been the predominant source of the real pollution problem. As Stanely Scobie writes, â€Å"natural gas development is poised to begin at an intensive level†¦air pollution from drilling operations and massive withdrawals of water from rivers (used in production) show no respect†¦Ã¢â‚¬  (1). Coal, gas, and oil are significant contributors to acid rain, which is produced by the release of harmful carbon dioxide gases; as well as damage to the earth’s ozone layer, which is caused by the discharge of nitrous oxide. To compare the environmental impacts of these two energy producing sources, the message is clear; either the world’s population deals with a little noise or with deadly gases. The quest for faster, easier, and more efficient ways of meeting the needs of a growing human population has led to increasingly high energy demands. However, the resources currently being used for generating energy are running out. Something other than, or in addition to, traditional energy sources is required to meet the increasing needs of the world’s growing population. That something is alternative energy sources. Replacing those traditional energy sources with the likes of biomass fuels, solar cells and wind farms are the tools and technologies that are necessary to accomplish such a task. Yet, despite the aforementioned alternative tools and technologies, global industries still obtain most of their energy sources from fossil fuels. The world deserves options when it comes to energy sources. Its citizens have the right to choose what can and will provide what is needed to ensure that future generations have a cleaner and safer environment while sustaining their energy needs. Throughout recorded history, humans have searched for ways of putting energy to work for their benefit. For the past few decades the nation, as well as the world, has become increasingly aware of its energy usage and the effects it has had on the environment and the earth as a whole. In addition, it is apparent that the United State’s dependence on foreign oil is creating some meaningful ramifications for its economic structure as well as its national security configuration. Currently the argument remains that the continued use of traditional energy sources is still the way for the global population to proceed to meet the earth’s overwhelming needs, but the need for alternative means can not be ignored. It is a discussion that has many pros and cons which continue to be debated on both sides of this passionate topic. Solutions to our energy problems do exist, but it will take a variety of alternative technologies and the willingness to change how the earth’s energy is to be found. Change is not always easy or attainable, but in some cases, like this one, it is a goal that is increasingly necessary and ultimately accomplishable. â€Å"2008 U. S. Great Lakes Seaway Ports Tonnage-Traffic Review. † Seaway Compass Newsletter. Winter 2009. 31 Mar. 2009 . â€Å"Can Alternative Energy Effectively Replace Fossil Fuels? † ProCon. org. 31 Mar. 2009 . Craig, Larry E. â€Å"Drilling in the Arctic National Wildlife Refuge Would Reduce U. S. Dependence on Foreign Oil. † Is the World Heading toward an Energy Crisis? Ed. Daniel A. Leone. Detroit, MI: Greenhaven, 2006. 43-47. â€Å"Daily Oil Prices. † WTI Daily Chart. 9 Apr. 2009 . â€Å"Exxon Valdez Oil Spill. † History Facts Valdez, Alaska. 26 Apr. 2009 . Hawkins, David G. , Daniel A. Lashof, and Robert H. Williams. Clean Coal Technology is the Future of Energy. † Coal. Ed. Michael Logan. Detroit, MI: Greenhaven, 2008. 62-74. Jervis, Rick. â€Å"Exploring New Energy Strategies. † USA Today 12 Mar. 2009: A3. Kunstler, James Howard. The Long Emergency: Surviving the Converging Catastrophes of the Twenty-First Century. New York: Atlantic Monthly, 2005. Nuclear Energy Institute. â€Å"Record-Low Production Cost For Nuclear Powe r. † The Energy Bog. 20 Feb. 2007. 26 Apr. 2009 . Rosenbloom, Eric. â€Å"The Use of Wind Energy Should Not Be Increased. What Energy Sources Should Be Pursued? Ed. Stuart A. Kallen. Detroit, MI: Greenhaven, 2005. 73-85. Scobie, Stanley. â€Å"Natural Gas Rush: It’s Time for the Feds to Step Up. † Sierra Atlantic Spring 2009: 1+. â€Å"Should the US Use Clean Coal as an Energy Source? † ProCon. org. 31 Mar. 2009 . Walker, Cameron. â€Å"The Future of Alternative Energy. † National Geographic. 28 Oct. 2004. 1 Apr. 2009 . Yergin, Daniel. â€Å"The World is Not Running Out of Oil. † Energy Alternatives. Ed. Barbara Passero. Detroit, MI: Greenhaven, 2006. 29-39.

How legitimate would you judge Britains reaction to French essays

How legitimate would you judge Britains reaction to French essays How legitimate would you judge Britains reaction to French occupation of Fashoda to have been? Immediately after the Crimean War Britain and France were seen as great allies. And when the scramble of Africa started the main thing Britain did not want to happen was to start a large war with another major country, and especially a former ally. However, luckily a war never happened between them. I believe that Britains reaction was legitimate to the French occupation of Fashoda because, as Grey said, the upper Nile valley had belonged to Egypt and, since the Mahdis revolt of the 1880s, had become a diplomatic no-mans land over which Egypt (then under British protection) had by far the best claim. In fact France had had nothing to do with Fashoda at all. What we do no is that Britain were not willing to give up and let France keep Fashoda as they really wanted to link Cairo with Cape Town as it would have been an incredible advance if there was a railway line between these two cities. It would mean that more trading could be done; there would be a quick way of getting around, communications would be a lot quicker throughout Africa and therefore any messages to Britain would be quicker, and it would also be very good for getting troops around to protect British interests. So they didnt want any country to occupy Fashoda because it was right in the way between Cairo and Cape Town. Another reason why Britain was not willing to give up was because they knew that the French wouldnt be able to hold onto it with all the pressure on them and if they did they could easily disrupt French supplies from France to North Africa with the Royal Navy if there was a war. The French navy was also undermanned. Britain and France were very competitive to get as much as Africa as possible and Britain certainly didnt want the French economy improving if they got Fashoda because it would give them a dir...

STUDY OF DIGITAL FILTER SHARPENING Dissertation

STUDY OF DIGITAL FILTER SHARPENING - Dissertation Example This dissertation tells that in the engineer’s daily work on dealing with Digital Signal Processing (DSP) for clients, he is often faced with several challenges that hinder the successful implementation of his task. The challenges come in diverse forms but one of such common challenges in the engineer dealing with digital signal processing has to do with system specification problems. These system specification failures often cause symmetric FIR filters in the entire software being used in the work not to function or work as it should. In a situation like this, most experts suggest a reduction in passband ripple or the increase in stopband attenuation. The fact of the situation however remains that the engineer is not always privileged to have access to any filter design software at his disposal to enable the reduction of passband ripple or the increment of the stopband attenuation. The latter scenario always happens and most engineers are always confused and limited in ideas. It is for typical situations like this that the researcher has put this research work together to serve as a catalyst for coming out with workable interventions that can be fallen upon in hard times such as the one described in the scenario. Though the researcher admits that the problem may be confronting and highly frustrating, it comes with a number of solutions, one of which is the practice of making do with the existing filter and sharpening it. This therefore brings to the floor, the issue of digital filter sharpening in handling system specification failure cases in basic engineering. ... It is against this background that the ASKAP Project (2009) mentions some expected specifications for the DSP system specifications. Among the specifications is the fact that the DSP system should be in a position to handle computed load of not less than 1 peta (1015) operations for each given second. Simultaneously, there should be a continuous flow of data at a rate of 70 Tera (1012) bits per second. In the event of all these, the practice of filtering is not eliminated. In fact, one of the major operations of the DSP system has always remained the â€Å"digitizing, filtering and beamforming of the data from the individual phased array feeds† (ASKAP Project, 2009). Anything less of the specified rate of performance calls for a reinforcement, which in the case of this research work is going to be the sharpening of available filters. Statement of the Problem The problem at hand has to do with the persistent failure in system requirements and specification for working on digita l signal processing (DSP) at a time when an engineer may not have access to filter design software to reduce passband ripple or increase stopband attenuation. It has been hypothesized through preliminary literature research that there could exist a number of interventions to handle the situation. Among the interventions however, the problem will be tackled from a perspective where the original symmetric FIR filters that was at the disposal of the engineer would be fallen on by sharpening it to get the systems back to functionality. Filter sharpening has been used for a number of complex digital signal processing; especially digital filter sharpening. Ultimately, digital

Education Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 21

Education - Essay Example The conference provided comprehensive and interactive sessions whereby all the parties involved cultivated their cross-cultural, listening and communication skills and experiences and learns about diverse systems of education, education significance, and various ways of developing and implementing it. The friend I met shares my leadership passion. The conference was more educating and I learned different aspects of a leaders and the entire aspect of leadership that is beneficial to me as a student and a future leader in community development. Of these leadership attributes, resilience distinguishes a great leader because a great manger perseveres. This lesson was inspiring and I will apply it as a student to inspire my colleagues at collage to become great leaders. Similarly, the panel discussion was increasingly informative to me since it equipped me with different perspectives on kind of the experience the conference holds. It was increasingly beneficial and amazing to meet, share, and learn from people from different backgrounds, education levels, and experiences in the discussion panel. During the panel discussion, the teamwork aspect was outwardly evident, and every person in the panel mentioned on the benefits of teamwork, importance of listening skills and respecting other people’s opinions as a leader. The networking lessons serves as revelation on how groups and society operates and how leaders should utilize communication skills in their leadership. Since is enjoy communicating and making friends, this networking session has fully prepared me to be a better networker and employ excellent networking skills. Additionally, I learned something about types of personalities and their effects on leadership style, for example, extroverts cherish in spending time with people, and they speak before thinking, while introverts are lone rangers and like thinking before speaking. The understanding on difference personality types will help me when

The history of Italian Mobsters Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

The history of Italian Mobsters - Essay Example Why is this so? Where does this image of the gangster come from? Why as a "monster" type are we both attracted and repulsed by his (or less often her) screen presence?† (Florida State University, 2011). Indeed, the Mob's heroic reputation was a major part of the censorship of the early Hays Code (Florida State University, 2011). The Italian mob were complex social agents: They were both ruthless social parasites and community guards, representatives of Italian communities and their secret shame, successful businessmen and criminals. The Italian mafia were far from alone: In The Ethnic Myth, Steinberg (1991) points out that at one point one sixth of the organized crime in New York was Jewish! But it is true that the Italians were powerful in New Jersey, New York, Chicago and Las Vegas. La Cosa Nostra was a Sicilian institution, but in America, its start and success had to do with one factor: Prohibition. â€Å"The Prohibition era of the 1920s gave rise to the organized crime sy ndicate in the United States. Federal efforts to enforce prohibition, including raids on speakeasies, were countered by well-organized bootlegging operations with national and international connections. A particularly notorious gang of the times was Al Capone's mob in Chicago. There were also gangs in Detroit, New York and other cities. Wars among gangs, producing grisly killings, frequently made headlines† (US History, 2011). The FBI traces the history of La Cosa Nostra from Sicily: â€Å"These enterprises evolved over the course of 3,000 years during numerous periods of invasion and exploitation by numerous conquering armies in Italy. Over the millennia, Sicilians became more clannish and began to rely on familial ties for safety, protection, justice, and survival. An underground secret society formed initially as resistance fighters against the invaders and to exact frontier vigilante justice against oppression. A member was known as a â€Å"Man Of Honor,† respected and admired because he protected his family and friends and kept silent even unto death. Sicilians weren’t concerned if the group profited from its actions because it came at the expense of the oppressive authorities. These secret societies eventually grew into the Mafia† (2011). It is important to note, though, that not all of the people in La Cosa Nostra in America were native mobsters in Sicily. Rather, the social form was transplanted because of new conditions. It was difficult for immigrants to eke out a living in the America of the early 1900s. Prohibition made an obvious opportunity emerge: The distribution, production and consumption of alcohol would be the business model. As the Nevada Observer (1987) put it in their comprehensive time line of La Cosa Nostra (LCN), â€Å"Although organized crime had existed in the United States prior to this time, it was the bonanza of Prohibition which enabled the small, but powerful, LCN to capitalize upon its international contacts, its reputation for ruthlessness, and--above all--its rigidly disciplined structure of cooperating gangs to establish the position of unrivaled eminence it holds in the American underworld today†. But La Cosa Nostra didn't end with Prohibition. Once the organizations were created, it was too easy to use them for all sorts of other enterprises.

I wrote it in Assignment Criteria Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

I wrote it in Assignment Criteria - Essay Example It is therefore in the light of this that this essay will be looking at the interrelationship between the relationship between politics and the media coupled with how the technological age is overtly or covertly facilitating the developments being witnessed today. In doing this, the essay will assess ongoing trends in the media industry with the view of using them as the basis to make deductive analysis leading to inferential conclusions about what that holds for global politics. The twenty first century has ushered humankind into a dispensation of unbridled technology driven developments that was hitherto highly unthinkable in our annals. Kellner (2002), cites the advent of the computer that ushered in the radical information technology dispensation, the usage of multimedia technologies and a host of others as the brainchild behind the evolution of the so-called rise in the â€Å"information society† which in the view of some observers is very synonymous with the rising trend in globalization (Castells, 1996). Still within this context, Best & Kellner, (2001), studied the trend in media development in the twenty first century then came out with compelling truisms that alludes to the fact that among other things, the new dispensation has created the platform to overcome major unconstructive differences, facilitation of dialogue that have also seen the renewed participation and integration of the traditional global south into the mainstream of the inte rnational political economic environment. It is also worth stating that thanks to the wind of liberalization blowing through the so-called â€Å"information society† the former crude structures that defined the establishment of social organizations and the conduct of political activities have steadily crumbled giving way to a refreshing move towards modernization. Evidently, today’s landscape can be described in all certainty as an innovative hybrid of

Visual analysis Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Visual analysis - Essay Example Dockers.com presents a webpage that is bold and straight-to-the-point, characteristics associated with being purposeful, one of Dockers’ lifestyle promises. Once on the site, consumers can already feel a sense of intention. Calibri and Arial fonts in basic colors of black and white dominate the page, consistent with a no-nonsense attitude Dockers portrays. Even the language on the site speaks of decisiveness as Dockers does not describe its clothes. Rather, it tells the consumers to take action by utilizing verbs such as make, explore and get. Black, a common color for formal clothes, presents a picture of solidity, another lifestyle promise from Dockers, and also classic elegance. This promise of solidity is again reinforced by the Dockers’ logo – an anchor that appears in full each time a user moves from page to page. The anchor, symbolizing steadiness, is also defined as a ‘person†¦ that can be relied on for support, stability, or security.† ( Anchor) With its taglines like â€Å"Dockers has your back† or â€Å"We’ve got you covered†, the brand reiterates once more its promise of dependability. Orange may not be a color associated with men. However, Dockers employs the color on its page for two reasons. For one, it is in line with the company’s lifestyle promise of a go-getter attitude. The orange links stand out making them easy to find and click. Consumers can readily know the current page because the orange is such a contrast to the black and gray letters that dominate the site. The second reason the orange works is because Dockers makes men feel confident in themselves to wear any color, even those usually utilized for females. In fact, if one is to browse the khaki section by color, the selection includes khakis in honey mustard and another in electric blue. In their Spring 2013 collection, khakis are offered in yellow and orange. The first page of the site features a set of pictures verti cally arranged on the center of the page. These have lines or two on each of them. Consumers will see that Dockers has anticipated the consumers’ needs and is prepared to satisfy these with messages such as â€Å"We’ve got you covered†, â€Å"Quality gifts that keep giving, at any price† and â€Å"Dockers has your back†. Again, these shows Dockers’ promise to make the consumer feel dependable. Dockers is able to make male consumers easily associate themselves with the male models on its site. The models in the pictures and videos are not overly handsome or muscular. They can be a father, brother, husband, uncle or friend, the very same consumers who visit the site. A commonality among them is their confident stance which emphasizes Dockers’ promise of determination. For the videos, Dockers chose to feature inspirational males who are enjoying the life they have carved out for themselves. Examples include Michael â€Å"Bear† Gry lls who is an adventurer, writer and television personality; Danny Hess, who makes environmentally-friendly surfboards; and, David Burnett, a teacher and architect who now helps make homes for Habitat for Humanity. By employing these personalities and having them share their passions on the site, Dockers is able to tell its audience that their clothes are the suitable partners of people who are confident, reliable and have a sense of purpose in their lives. The array of videos and pictures make the site visually appealing, especially since most audiences who shop for clothes do not take time to read blurbs and paragraphs but do enjoy clicking

Compare and contrast Drucker and Whyte's analysis of corporate Essay

Compare and contrast Drucker and Whyte's analysis of corporate bureaucracy - Essay Example In this case, the organizations had to make some changes, for instance, there was an introduction of cheaper cars, fast foods and smaller housing units, which were meant for the nuclear family (Whyte, 1956). This also led to a situation where managers became risk averse (Whyte, 1956). This was evident from the decisions that they took in the companies. The managers believed that if they made less risky decisions, the decisions would have no consequence on the firms, even if they had the potential of giving the best outcomes to the company. The aim was to maintain things as they were instead of changing the corporate world because, if something went wrong, they were the ones who would take the blame, and in doing this, they would maintain their jobs for a long time. This was the main reason for the bureaucracy in the companies. Whyte focused his research on many companies in finding the results indicated above. Conversely, Drucker focused on one company in doing his investigations. Drucker had worked for General Motors for several years, and he focused on this company for his research (Drucker, 1946). He specifically reviewed what happened inside the company and how this affected the performance of the company. He also studied the management of the company and the decisions that they made in order to access what caused the success or failure of the company (Drucker, 1946). Therefore, Drucker was interested the power structure, managerial decisions and its autonomy, and how other people in and out of the company reacted to these factors (Drucker, 1946). According to Drucker, the bureaucracy in companies started from inside the organizations where management aimed to maintain control of the organizations through centralizing power (Drucker, 1946). The management could dictate everything that was to be done a nd their orders were to be followed

I wrote it in Assignment Criteria Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

I wrote it in Assignment Criteria - Essay Example It is therefore in the light of this that this essay will be looking at the interrelationship between the relationship between politics and the media coupled with how the technological age is overtly or covertly facilitating the developments being witnessed today. In doing this, the essay will assess ongoing trends in the media industry with the view of using them as the basis to make deductive analysis leading to inferential conclusions about what that holds for global politics. The twenty first century has ushered humankind into a dispensation of unbridled technology driven developments that was hitherto highly unthinkable in our annals. Kellner (2002), cites the advent of the computer that ushered in the radical information technology dispensation, the usage of multimedia technologies and a host of others as the brainchild behind the evolution of the so-called rise in the â€Å"information society† which in the view of some observers is very synonymous with the rising trend in globalization (Castells, 1996). Still within this context, Best & Kellner, (2001), studied the trend in media development in the twenty first century then came out with compelling truisms that alludes to the fact that among other things, the new dispensation has created the platform to overcome major unconstructive differences, facilitation of dialogue that have also seen the renewed participation and integration of the traditional global south into the mainstream of the inte rnational political economic environment. It is also worth stating that thanks to the wind of liberalization blowing through the so-called â€Å"information society† the former crude structures that defined the establishment of social organizations and the conduct of political activities have steadily crumbled giving way to a refreshing move towards modernization. Evidently, today’s landscape can be described in all certainty as an innovative hybrid of

Compare and contrast Drucker and Whyte's analysis of corporate Essay

Compare and contrast Drucker and Whyte's analysis of corporate bureaucracy - Essay Example In this case, the organizations had to make some changes, for instance, there was an introduction of cheaper cars, fast foods and smaller housing units, which were meant for the nuclear family (Whyte, 1956). This also led to a situation where managers became risk averse (Whyte, 1956). This was evident from the decisions that they took in the companies. The managers believed that if they made less risky decisions, the decisions would have no consequence on the firms, even if they had the potential of giving the best outcomes to the company. The aim was to maintain things as they were instead of changing the corporate world because, if something went wrong, they were the ones who would take the blame, and in doing this, they would maintain their jobs for a long time. This was the main reason for the bureaucracy in the companies. Whyte focused his research on many companies in finding the results indicated above. Conversely, Drucker focused on one company in doing his investigations. Drucker had worked for General Motors for several years, and he focused on this company for his research (Drucker, 1946). He specifically reviewed what happened inside the company and how this affected the performance of the company. He also studied the management of the company and the decisions that they made in order to access what caused the success or failure of the company (Drucker, 1946). Therefore, Drucker was interested the power structure, managerial decisions and its autonomy, and how other people in and out of the company reacted to these factors (Drucker, 1946). According to Drucker, the bureaucracy in companies started from inside the organizations where management aimed to maintain control of the organizations through centralizing power (Drucker, 1946). The management could dictate everything that was to be done a nd their orders were to be followed

Job Description Essay Example for Free

Job Description Essay In today’s job market there are a lot of demands from employers. The business environment is constantly changing. Your knowledge, skills and abilities have to be able to meet the demands of the job market. Showcasing yourself and the familiarity and the experience with the procedure detail of the job is very important The Job Analysis. Goes hand in hand with a job description. A job description identifies characteristics of the job to be performed in terms of the tasks, duties and responsibilities to be fulfilled. (Youssef, 2010). It is basically a â€Å"snapshot† of a job. The job description needs to communicate clearly and concisely the responsibilities and tasks. (Lindenberger,2011) There are a lot of people competing for the same job. Ultimately who gets hired depends on the most qualified applicant. I would use a job description to make sure I get the most qualified person for the job. The person job fit has to be right has to definitely be compatible. Your skill highlights and the ability to successfully perform the job is a key factor. I would use a competency-based analysis. The potential employee definitely has to be competent enough to perform the qualities and requirements needed to effectively carry out a job like mines. My job description was to me very detailed. It was somewhat intimidating at first but once I got hired, I understood why. I am currently working as Assistant payment worker for the State of Michigan. The tasks and responsibilities is what my job duty requires of me from day to day. Which was very much detailed. It is assisting clients with getting the help they may need and providing resources for them. I assist client’s help with Food, Shelter and medical resources. I often go above and beyond what my tasks and responsibilities that are required of me, because of my human character I often feel sorry to see what people have to go through in this world. Sometimes in the job description you will see what the responsibilities include but are not limited too. So I would want someone dedicated to what there job is, but also a team player and don’t mind going the extra mile. In the end it’s all about customer service. The tools and technology used are also a key factor. Most jobs often require training once hired. But you at least need the basic skills of using computer software. Educational requirements would also be very important on a job analysis. A degree is preferred most of the time when applying for any job in the business field. If not a degree it is important to me, to at lease have a certain amount of college credits. Which is what needed to obtain my job. In order to gain some valuable information about candidates, there are different selection methods that should be used. Selection methods can narrow down potential candidates. (Youseef,2010) The approach and selection method I would use is testing, I think is a good method to use, especially when there are so many applicants applying for the same position. Testing will help to eliminate clients that are not qualified for the job. Testing will reveal how much knowledge a person has with general competency and knowledge needed for the job. The scores will tell it all. The Interview method is also another good method I would consider. Almost any job you apply for, you will have to have an interview, weather its in person or over the telephone. I have to interview clients everyday at my current job, to see if the fit the qualifications of receiving assistance. Being able to look at a person, and have direct interaction is important. When questions are being asked it will sometimes portray how honest a person is. You can tell by the body language or sometimes how directly a person answers a question if they are being truthful or not. It will show confidence. However there are different types of interviews. The one I would use is a panel discussion interview, which is having several interviewers asking questions. That can sometimes make a person really nervous. I know I was, but again if you have the skills and knowledge to prove it, then it shouldn’t be a problem A job description is just what it says, it describes the job. As a competitive employee, make sure you fit that description the best you can.

Effect of Paclitaxel for Breast Cancer Treatment

Effect of Paclitaxel for Breast Cancer Treatment Effect of paclitaxel along with withnia sominiferia on lactate dehydrogenase enzyme activity changes in 7,12 di methyl benz(a) anthracene induced breast cancer wistar rats Dr.N.Muninathan1*, Dr.P. Mohanalakshmi2,Ambareesha Kondam k., Dr. S. Malliga3 1* – Department of Biochemistry, Meenakshi Medical College and Research Institute, Enathur, Kanchipuram – 631552, Tamil Nadu, India. 2- Department of Biochemistry, Sri Muthukumaran Medical College, Chennai 3- Department of Biochemistry, ESIC Medical College, Chennai Abstract Aim: The purpose of this study is to investigate the changes in the levels of lactate dehydogenase enzyme(LDH) activity and efficacy of combination of paclitaxel along with Withnia Sominiferia against breast cancer in experimental animals. Breast cancer is the commonest cancer among women in all developed countries (except Japan) as well as in North Africa, South America, and southeastern and western Asia. While the incidence of breast cancer appears to be increasing, mortality rates are now declining in at least some western countries. Breast cancer ranks third when both the sexes are considered together and is clearly a significant global public health problem. Design/Methods: Breast cancer was induced in rats by 7, 12 Di methyl benz(a) anthracene (DMBA) at the dosage of 20mgs dissolved in 0.5ml sunflower oil and administered into experimental animals for 28 weeks. In this study, we demonstrated that combination of paclitaxel and withania somnifera revert the changes in the rats f rom lethal dose of DMBA within 30 days. Results: All the isoenzymes LDH1 – LDH5 were observed in cancer bearing animals. Expression of these isoenzymes were found be reduced in paclitaxel and Withania somnifera treated animals. Conclusions: The treatment with combination of paclitaxel and withania somnifera effectively reduced LDH enzyme activity levels. So, from the obtained results it is concluded that paclitaxel and withania somnifera is capable of restoring the breast architecture. Key words: Withania somnifera, DMBA, Paclitaxel, LDH and Breast cancer. Introduction Breast cancer ranks third when both the sexes are considered together (Parkin, 1999) and is clearly a significant global public health problem. There are nearly 8,00,000 new cases of breast cancer worldwide each year .In approximately half of these patients, breast cancer will be the eventual cause of death. Incidence of breast cancer in Indian women is not as high as in western countries (Sinha et al., 2003) .It is the second most common cancer among women in south India. The age standardized rates vary from 22 to 28 per 1, 00,000 women (Sanghvi, 1998). Although the rates appear to be lower than those seen in developed countries, the burden of cancer in India is alarming. Worldwide incidences of breast cancer continue to rise and geographical variations in breast cancer incidence indicate that environment factors contribute to overall risk (Millikan, 1995). Exposure to environmental carcinogens early in life is thought to be one of the first events in the development of breast cancer. Each year breast cancer is diagnosed in 910,000 women worldwide and 376,000 women die from the disease. Most of these cases are in industrial countries e.g., North America (180,000) and Europe (220,000). PAH’s an important class of chemical carcinogens that are widespread in the ambient environment due to fossil fuel combustion for energy production, transportation and industry. DMBA, a potent PAH recognized as an initiator of both skin and liver cancer (Masaaki Miyata et al). The covalent binding of DMBA metabolites to DNA has been implicated as a critical step in the initiation phase of cancers. Paclitaxel (Taxol), a naturally occurring antineoplastic agent has shown great promise in the therapeutic management of certain human solid tumors particularly in metastatic breast cancer and malignancy involves skin, lung and refractory ovaries. It is the original member of the taxane group of anticancer drugs derived from the bark and needles of the pacific yew tree â€Å"Taxus brevifolia†. Paclitaxels antitumor activity was discovered in1960’s during a large scale 35,000 plants-screening program sponsored by the National Cancer Institute (NCI), USA. Withania is widely used in Ayurvedic medicine in India and in Unani and Middle Eastern traditional medicines, where it is highly regarded as a panacea, aphrodisiac, and rejuvenative. Withania sominifera (L). Dunal (Solanaceae) commonly called Ashwagandha (Sanskrit) is an Ayurvedic Indian medicinal plant, which has been widely used as a home remedy for several ailments.(Bhattacharya et al., 1997) The use of ashwagandha in Ayurvedic medicine extends back more than 3000 to 4000 years (Upton, 2000) (Agarwall et al., 1997). It has been widely extolled as a tonic, especially for emaciation in people of all ages, including babies, and enhances the reproductive function of both men and women. It has also been used for inflammation, especially in antitumor, arthritic and rheumatic conditions, for asthma, and as a major tonic to counteract aging and promote youthful longevity (Dhuley., 1998). Materials And Methods 1.1. Chemicals: 7,12 Dimethyl benz (a) anthracene and Withania somnifera were purchased from Sigma chemical company, USA. All the other chemicals used were of analytical grade. 1.2. Animal care and housing: Female Wistar rats, 6-8 weeks of age and weighing 150-200g, were used. The animals were procured from Central Animal House Block, Meenakshi Medical College and Research institute, Kanchipuran, Tamil Nadu, India and maintained in a controlled environmental condition of temperature and humidity on alternatively 12 h light/dark cycles. All animals were fed standard pellet diet (Gold Mohor rat feed, Ms.Hindustan Lever Ltd., Mumbai) and water ad libitum. This research work on wistar female rats was sanctioned and approved by the Institutional Animal Ethical Committee (REG NO. 765/03/ca/CPCSEA). 1.3. Experimental Design The animals were divided in to six groups of 6 animals each. Group I animals served as control, Group II, III, IV, V as animals treated with DMBA (20mg ) per animal in sunflower oil (0.5ml), three times a week for 28 weeks to induce skin cancer. After tumor induction Group III animals were treated with Paclitaxel (33mg/kg b.wt) once in a week for 4 weeks. Group IV animals were treated with Withania somnifera (250 µg/animal) for 30 days. Group V animals were treated with both Paclitaxel and Withania somnifera (as in group III and group IV). These were Group VI Control animals treated with paclitaxel and Withania somnifera for 28weeks plus 30 days. After the experimental period of 32 weeks, the animals were sacrificed by cervical decapitation. 1.4. Biochemical analysis The isoenzymes pattern of lactate dehydrogenase was separated by the method of Dietz and Lubrano (1967). III. Results Plate 1 depicts the Isoenzyme pattern of lactate dehydrogenase in serum of control and experimental animals. All the isoenzymes LDH1 – LDH5 were observed in cancer bearing (group II) animals. Expression of these isoenzymes were found be reduced in paclitaxel (group III) and Withania somnifera (group IV) treated animals. However a much significant reduction in the LDH isoenzyme expression pattern was observed in-group V animals treated with both paclitaxel and Withania somnifera. Lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) isoenzyme pattern in serum of control and experimental animals Lane 1:Control Lane 2:DMBA treated Lane 3:Paclitaxel treated Lane 4:Withania somnifera treated Lane 5:Paclitaxel and Withania somnifera treated cancer bearing animal Lane 6:Paclitaxel and Withania somnifera treated control animal IV. Discussion: Lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) is the most common clinical enzyme used in the cancer patients for prognostic purpose ( Invone et al., 1998). It has an important role in germ cell functions and can predict responses to chemotherapy and the prospects of remission. Human cancer tissues typically exhibit 2-3 fold increases in glycolytic enzymes and LDH activity. Sandhya Mishra et al. (2004) have also reported the increased level of LDH in breast cancer patients. Anderson and Kovatik (1981) reported greater LDH activity in breast cancer conditions. There was a significant increase in LDH level in serum of cancer bearing Group II animals. This might be due to the membrane disruptions that caused the release of these enzymes from the cancer cells or the overproduction by the tumor cells (Helmes et al., 1998). The elevated LDH activity may also have resulted from differences in the rate of synthesis, degradation or the excretion of the enzymes in the mammary cancer bearing animals. Schwartz (1973) has reported that among the isoenzymes LDH5 was six times greater than LDH1 in mammary tumor cells. Flavanoids have proved to possess antitumor effect on various animal models (Ames et al., 1995). The biological and pharmacological activity of Withania somnifera was associated with phenolic compounds mainly to flavanoids, aromatic acids and esters (Burdock, 1998; De catsro, 2001). Antioxidant activity of flavanoids may also be due to their structural features and its action on membrane (Saija et al., 1995; Mathur et al., 2003 ; Mohan et al., 2006). Paclitaxel being rich in flavanoid content possess antitumor and antiproliferative activities that stabilizes the membrane permeability and reduces the release of LDH. V. Statistical analysis For statistical analysis, one way analysis of analysis of Variance (ANOVA) was used, followed by the Newman-Keuls Multiple Comparison test. VI. Conclusion From the present study, the effect of Paclitaxel- Withania somnifera combination proved to be effective chemotherapeutic agent against DMBA induced Breast cancer in wistar rats compared to that of paclitaxel or Withania somnifera confirmed analyzing the LDH isoenzymes levels in serum. Reference Agarwal, R., Diwanay, S., Patki, P., and Patwardhan, B ( 1999). Studies on immunomodulatory activity of Withania somnifera (Ashwagandha) extracts in experimental immune inflammation. J Ethnopharmacol, 67: 27-35. Ames BN, Swirsky G and Willet WC. (1995). The causes and prevention of cancer. Proc.Natl.Acad.Sci.USA., 92:5258-5265. Anderson GR, Kovacik WP Jr. (1981). LDHK an unusual oxygen – sensitive lactate dehydrogenase expressed in human cancer. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA. 78 (8): 3209 – 13. Bhattacharya, S. K., Satyan, K. S., and Ghosal, S. (1997). Antioxidant activity of glycowithanolides from Withania somnifera. Indian J Exp Biol, 35: 236-239. Budhiraja, R. D., Sudhir, S., and Garg, K. N.( 1983). Cardiovascular effects of a withanolide from Withania coagulans, dunal fruits. Indian J Physiol Pharmacol, 27: 129-134. Burdock GA. (1998). Review of the biological properties and toxicity of bee propolis (propolis). Food and chemical toxicology. 36 : 347-363. Decastro SI. (2001). Propolis: biological and pharmacological activities. Therapeutic uses of this bee product. Annual review on biological sciences. 3 : 49-83. Dhuley, J. N. (1998). Therapeutic efficacy of Ashwagandha against experimental aspergillosis in mice. Immunopharmacol Immunotoxicol, 20: 191-198. Dietz AA. and Lubrano T. (1967). Separation and quantification of LDH isoenzyme by disc electrophoresis. Anal. Biochem., 20 : 246-257. Helmes MH, Modia A, Moneim EL, Moustafae MS, Bale EL and Safinoz MEL. (1998). Clinical values of serum LDH, ceruloplasmin and lipid bound sialic acid in monitoring patients with malignant lymphomas. Medical Science Research, 26 : 613-617. Iuvone, T., Esposito, G., Capasso, F., and Izzo, A. A. (2003). Induction of nitric oxide synthase expression by Withania somnifera in macrophages. Life Sci, 72: 1617- 1625. Mathur, R., Gupta, S. K., Singh, N., Mathur, S., Kochupillai, V., and Velpandian, T.( 2006). Evaluation of the effect of Withania somnifera root extracts on cell cycle and angiogenesis. J Ethnopharmacol, 105: 336-341. Millikan R, De Voto E, Newman B. and Savitz D. (1995). Studying environmental influences and breast cancer risk: suggestions for an integrated population based approach. Br.Cancer Res.Treat., 35: 79-89. Mohan, R., Hammers, H. J., Bargagna-Mohan, P., Zhan, X. H., Herbstritt, C. J., Ruiz, A., Zhang, L., Hanson, A. D., Conner, B. P., Rougas, J., and Pribluda, V. S.( 2004). Withaferin A is a potent inhibitor of angiogenesis. Angiogenesis, 7: 115-122. Parkin DM, Whelan SL, Ferlay, Raymond L, and Young J. (1997). Cancer incidence in five continents. Volume VIII.IARC. Scientific Publications, 143 IARC, Lyon, 858-1009. Rasool, M. and Varalakshmi, P.( 2003). Immunomodulatory role of Withania somnifera root powder on experimental induced inflammation: An in vivo and in vitro study. Vascul Pharmacol, 44: 406-410. Saija A, Scalese M, Lanza M, Marzullo D, Bonina F. and Castelli F. (1995). Flavanoids as antioxidant agents: Importance of their interactions with biomembranes. Free Rad.Biol.Med., 19: 481-486. Sandhya Mishra DC, Sharma and Praveen Sharma. (2004). Studies of Biochemical parameters in breast cancer with and without metastasis. Indian Journal of Clinical Biochemistry. 19(1) : 71 – 75. Sanghvi LD. (1998). Report on cancer epidemiology. Indian association of cancer research. 1-28. Schwartz MK. (1973). Enzymes in cancer (review ). Clin.Chem., 19: 10-22. Sinha R, Anderson DE, Mc Donald SS. and Greenwald P. (2003). Cancer risk and diet in India. 49(33) : 222-228.

Samuel Becketts Waiting for Godot as Criticism of Christianity :: Waiting for Godot Essays

Waiting for Godot:   Clear Criticism of Christianity  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Samuel Beckett may have denied the use of Christian mythology in Waiting for Godot, but the character of Lucky proves otherwise.   We can read Lucky as a symbolic figure of Christ, and, as such, his actions in the play carry a criticism of Christianity, suggesting that the merits of Christianity have decreased to the point where they no longer help man at all.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   The parallels between Christ and Lucky are strong. Lucky, chained with a rope, is the humiliated prisoner, much like Jesus was the prisoner of the Romans after Judas turned him in.   Estragon beats, curses, and spits on Lucky exactly as the Roman treated Jesus when preparing him for crucifixion.   Lucky carries the burden of Pozzo's bags like a perpetual cross, and he is being led to a public fair where he will be mocked and sold; the Romans paraded Jesus on the hill where for public scorn.   As Jesus fell three times under the weight of his burden, Lucky falls many times with the weight of the luggage, stool, coat, and picnic basket.   Furthermore, Estragon wipes Lucky's eyes-like Veronica wiped Jesus' face-so he will "feel less forsaken" (p. 21b), which alludes directly to Jesus' cry from the cross: "Eloi, Eloi, lama sabachthani?" [My God, My God, why have you forsaken me?] (Mark 15:34).   Lucky slowly chokes as the rope cuts into his neck; crucifixion su ffocated Jesus.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Pozzo, paraphrasing Estragon's question, then asks a rhetorical question concerning Lucky: "Why he doesn't make himself comfortable?" (p.21a).  Ã‚   This question refers specifically to the taunt spectators hurled at Jesus, "Save yourself, why don't you?   Come down off the cross if you are God's son," and refers generally to Christ's mission of suffering on earth (Matthew 26:40).   Pozzo replies that Lucky doesn't want to drop the luggage because "he wants to mollify me, so that I will give up the idea of parting with him," and Lucky "imagines that when I see how well he carries I'll be tempted to keep him on in that capacity" (p. 21a). Likewise, Jesus believed that he had to carry out his burden-crucifixion-to awaken man's faith in God for time to come.   Jesus commissioned his apostles to "make disciples of all nations...teach them to carry out everything I have commanded you.   And always know that I am with you" (Matthew 28:18-20).   Jesus wanted hum anity to act in his own memory, or to keep himself on in that capacity, which was that of teacher, comforter, and ultimately deliverer of salvation.

Congressmen And Their Influences :: essays research papers

Congressmen and Their Influences The notion that a Congressman ran for office for unselfish goals and went away to Washington to serve his country and represent his neighbors seems quaint and luaghable compared to the way that we currently regard members of congress. Recent views have suggested that most people felt that while the institution on the whole was corrupt, but that their representative was a good person and servant of the electorate. More and more each member is scrutinized and judged harsher by their constituencies, the media, their own party and the numerous interest groups and cuacuses that make it possible for them to act as Senators and Representatives. The Congress and President work together through their own institutions in the common goal of running the worlds most powerful nation. The legilative powers were divided this way to ensure that all new laws would be debated and decided not by a few but through a heirarchy that gives every citizen a part to play in our collective decision making. Each of the individuals in the House has an equitable voting relationship with the others, 1=1=1, when it come to passing legislation, but in the earlier phases of formulating policy some relationships are dominant over others. The only ones that would be lower than a freshman Democrat in the 105th Congress from a rural, low industry district are probably those that represent our protectorates Guam, Puerto Rico, etc. Many levels within the parties and the institution afford some members leadership roles and positions that they can use to sway the other members. The Whips, Majority and Minority leaders and the Speaker of the House are looking for party cohesion and also bi-partisan support for a bill. Coalitions are forged or broken depending on the issue at hand. Individual committee positions are another point were some are more powerful than others. The committees are major superintendents of some agencies and members not on that particular committee may be ignored or relegated to other tasks while the major decisions are being made. Since much of policy direction is dominated by the two party system they are able to use the majority selected rules and procedures of the House to their advantage. In the more collegial and congenial Senate power is more diffused and shared between the members and minority rights are protected. In the parties the leaders are able to use their personalities and power to influence the agenda that is agreed upon. The way the House is run leaves a great deal of discretion to the leaders of the parties and committee members

The Grim Reaper Floats

The story Floating by Karen Brenna is about a woman who can miraculously float. She floats around the house day after day seeming to never leave. Her husband, however, seems completely unimpressed by her ability and sees her as a burden. A burden that he must feed and take care of. It Is not long Into the story before she finds a baby and brings it into her house. While this is happening another story is being told about a woman who meets Satan, and has a conversation with him in her house.The author intended for all of these events to relate to each other, and also to have some sort of deeper symbolism. The woman who aimlessly floats through the halls of her house does not have a choice, she Is trapped. Her and every one else In the story Is dead and stuck In Purgatory walling for their eternal fate to be decided. All of them experiencing death In a different way, the man bitter and mean, the woman and baby oblivious, and the story of the woman who spoke to Satan is already destined for hell.According to the hell depicted in both Dent's Inferno and The Divine Comedy before Landwards 2 you enter hell there Is a place called Purgatory. Purgatory is a place you go after death where you Walt for the decision on whether or not you go to the eternal resting place of heaven, or If your soul Is damned for the remainder of time In the pits of hell. Purgatory is where the majority of the story takes place. The woman does not know she is in Purgatory and that is why she is so amazed she can float. Floating is commonly a property given to the deceased, as in ghosts or spirits.The author also gave his character this ability as to hint to her death. She is trapped in her house, which Is a symbol for Purgatory and that Is why she feels she cannot leave. â€Å"l wish I could float at the supermarket or even outside beneath the stars, over the treetops which would be attractive from this angle. But I can only float through the rooms of my own house†(Brenna 303). In this passage the character is saying that outside is tantalizing and free, but she is bound only to the rooms and halls of the house.Because the house is a symbol for Purgatory, the outside world is an allusion to even, and that is why she wants nothing more than to leave the house and fly among the stars. Much Like someone would Like nothing more than to be allowed to be free of the bonds of Purgatory and frolic In the paradise of Heaven. Another hint in the text is when the author writes about the main character floating through the halls, and thinking back on her life as if it was a past event.She thinks about how Landwards 3 she arranged things on her coffee table trying to impress people, and have the silly objects reflect on who she is and realizes how foolish it was. A lot of people believe Tanat once you pass on Tanat you are enlightens Ana all earthly possessions Ana desires are realized foolish. This is what the author is referring to, because she is now dead she has been enli ghtened thus removing all of her earthly desires. The author also compared the main character to Chloral's bridal couple, which are newly wed ghosts floating across the canvas painted by the artist Mark Chalks.This could be yet another allusion to her being dead. â€Å"l float like Chloral's bridal couple alienates, past the huge oak mirror my grandmother bequeathed me where†¦ â€Å"(Brenna 303). Besides the bridal couple reference the author also mentions the main character's deceased grandmother bringing the thought of death into the reader's mind once again. All of these blatant messages of death shows that the author intended for the characters to be dead. The main character is not the only one who is dead in this story; there is also the husband and the baby.As we know, the husband of the main character of the story seems to always be aggravated and cranky, there is valid reasoning behind this. The wife and husband died at the same time, the husband knows that they are d ead while the wife is oblivious. This is why the Landwards 4 husband is so utterly unimpressed by his wife's ability to float. They can both do it, he is Just trying to protect her from the truth of their death. By not floating, the husband is letting his wife believe that they are still in the mortal world, that is why she can float and he is unimpressed.This would also explain why he seams so irritated all the time. Imagine if you knew you were dead, while you were trapped in Purgatory and you needed to pretend you weren't for the sake of the person you loved most in the world. This is an obvious reason as to why one would be mad. The baby in the story is also dead, The first layer of hell is Limbo and it is where all the uninhabited baby's go. The baby in the story died before it had a chance to be baptized, that is why they found it in Purgatory because it is also deceased.The reason it went to Purgatory is because the babies fate has not yet been decided. The rye of hell closes t to Purgatory is Limbo, Limbo is where all the uninhabited babies go and that is where this baby went, the back room where the baby is kept is Limbo. The punishment in Limbo is for all of the uninhabited babies to float through the river of Coacher for eternity, to feel sorrow and hopelessness forever. In the story the baby is put into a drawer lined with blue velvet, the blue symbolizes water, and the drawer stops the baby from wandering around as in Landwards 5 it traps the baby.Another part of the story mentions that the back room is where all he old photos are kept, all of the photos are souls trapped in a photographic tomb. The story also talks about how someone cracked the window with a pellet gun, so the window needed to be covered with a sheet. The window was a tantalizing view of heaven until it was covered leaving the room completely void of hope. The last story was of a woman who spoke with Satan and told him her life story this could also be interpreted in many ways. Th is last scenario of the story when the woman speaks to Satan in person is pretty straight forward.Whenever you hear of anyone speaking to the dark lord, you generally assume they are going to hell. The woman Lucifer spoke to was the main character of the story, but this event occurred in the past as foreshadowing to the point in time when she dies implying that the woman waiting in Purgatory is destined Tort Hell. All of this evidence points to the author writing a new and twisted version of The Divine Comedy. This twisted text makes you think that hell is everywhere and even if it isn't apparent you could be in Purgatory this instant waiting for your eternal damnation.