The Freedom Of Expression And Information Is Essential For...

Throughout the world, human rights are viewed in many different ways. While some individuals take their rights for granted or view them as privileges, others view them as nonexistent. The reason people view them as nonexistent is because often times their human rights are violated by unfair economic structures and corrupt government systems. In order to best understand human rights, one must focus on the base that forms all of them, and that base is freedom of expression. When citizens are given the freedom to express one’s opinions and thoughts as well as the freedom to listen and explore others opinions and thoughts, it is then when a democracy can be formed. However, many countries around the world seek to function as democracies but fail to do so because their governments deny their citizens the freedom to have a voice. Therefore, it is dictatorships and struggling democracies, such as the one present in Eretria, that demonstrate how the right to freedom of expression and information is essential for the promotion and preservation of democracy. Eretria’s government uses a combination of media monopoly, restriction from technology, the threat of journalist incarceration, and restriction of journalist’s movement in the country, to maintain power and create anything, but a democracy. Eritrea’s oppressive media climate is largely due to its long history of a corrupt government system. The country declared its independence from Ethiopia in 1993 and has since been under theShow MoreRelatedCensorship Of The Media By Herbert Foerstel3055 Words   |  13 Pagesinitially imposed penalties for any false talk about the king and later covered such expression about any government officials† [Foerstel, 1998: 4] Censorship of the media - as described by Herbert Foerstel - took shape during the reign of King Edward I. Ever since he made the decision to protect his government from the press the law has continued to evolve, and while the regulations have since loosened to give the media freedom, the idea behind the law remains constant. But can censorship be justified inRead MoreGross National Happiness By Herbert Spencer2163 Words   |  9 PagesGross National Happiness, The Introduction of Democracy; Categorizing the Fourth King (Eventful or Event-making, Transactional or Transformational) Herbert Spencer introduces the idea of two types of leaders which are the eventful man and the event making man. The event-making man is a man whose actions influenced development. He finds/creates the â€Å"fork in the road† whereas an eventful man stumbles upon greatness, anyone can do it. In terms of making big decisions, one is special and the otherRead MoreEmergency and Laws Imposed on Media5949 Words   |  24 PagesThe last few years have witnessed an unprecedented turn of events in the socio-political climate of India. These socio-political changes have brought about corresponding changes in the character of the Indian mass media system, especially in the freedom and independence of the Indian press. 25 June 1975 will go down in the history of the Indian Republic as a most infamous day and a black day when the then Indian Prime Minister Indira Gandhi who headed the Congress Party as its dynastic head imposedRead MorePhilippine Constitution2338 Words   |  10 Pages Simplicity of procedures 3. Responsibility 4. Fight against corruption 5. Individual freedom amp; collective expression 6. An independent judicial system Concepts of State amp; Government State is a community of persons more or less numerous , permanently occupying a definite portion of territory , having a government of their own to which a great body of inhabitants render obedience amp; enjoying freedom from external control Elements of the State: 1. People 2. Territory 3. Government 4Read MoreCultural Diversity At The Heart Of The Society5484 Words   |  22 Pagessocieties and countries, ever stronger international migration flows, and the accelerated development of digital technologies, cultural diversity has thus become a veritable instrument of our time. It has been posited that the promotion of the diversity of cultural expressions lies at the heart of the society. The issues that arise from cultural diversity cannot be solved only by political voluntarism; they also require knowledge dissemination, cultural and diversity awareness and an intense internationalRead MoreAll About Peace Education13195 Words   |  53 PagesLecturer; Department of Education, MLSM College ; Sundernagar; Mandi (H.P) âž ¢ INTRODUCTION: Education shall be directed toward the full development of the human personality and to the strengthening of respect for human rights and fundamental freedoms. It shall promote understanding, tolerance and friendship among all nations, racial or religious groups and shall further the activities of the United Nations for the maintenance of peace. Article 26, The UniversalRead MoreGp Essay Mainpoints24643 Words   |  99 PagesGovernment Censorship d. Profit-driven Media e. Advertising f. Private life of public figures g. Celebrity as a role model h. Blame media for our problems i. Power + Responsibility of Media j. Media ethics k. New Media and Democracy 2. Science/Tech a. Science and Ethics b. Government and scientist role in science c. Rely too much on technology? d. Nuclear technology e. Genetic modification f. Right tech for wrong reasons 3. Arts/Culture a. Arts have aRead MoreLockes Explanation of Creation, Value and Protection of Property5870 Words   |  24 Pagesputting themselves under Government, is the preservation of their property’ (Second treatise, para.124). How and why does Locke explain the creation, value and protection of property? Locke says that the state has a responsibility to preserve people’s private property. He (1688) says â€Å"The great and chief end, therefore, of men’s uniting into common-wealths, and putting themselves under government, is the preservation of their property† (p. 262). The state hasRead MoreIndian Social Structure and Values Ethics in Business13564 Words   |  55 Pagesneed for any conscious subjective consciousness in members of caste. 4. Class system does not hinder 4. Caste system does hinder Democracy social interactions democracy social interactions like marriage etc. like marriage etc. 5. An individual has compara- 5. In caste system there are tively greater freedom in a comparatively more strict class. Restrictions in marriages etc. 6. There is comparatively less 6. A comparatively greater SocialRead MoreNational Security Outline Essay40741 Words   |  163 PagesWar Powers Resolution 49 II. The War Powers Resolution: A Debate between JNM and Frederick Tipson 50 CHAPTER 18: The National Security Process 60 CHAPTER 19: intelligence and Counterintelligence 63 CHAPTER 20: Access to Information 65 CHAPTER 21: Freedom of Expression 70 CHAPTER 22: National Security and the Fourth and Fifth Amendments 73 R. J. Rummel, â€Å"Power Kills; Absolute Power Kills Absolutely (Oct. 1991) 77 A. Theories of Confidence-Building Measures 79 J.N. Moore, Law and the Indochina

Is It A Quality Premium Or Not Essay - 1601 Words

So, you are taking, with high growth comes two risks; one is growth of execution, and the other is the valuation risk that comes with it. So, not only is growth investing risky, but it is really risky. And, I think, that is where we have evolved quite a bit as well, respected of whether there is a growth background or not a growth background. I wouldn’t call ourselves gap investors, because what I do think is important is, so, here is an open question that we don’t have an answer for. But, rather than saying should there be a growth premium or not, I think a better question is, should there be a quality premium or not. And, what is the quality premium and how do you think about it. I guess, back in the day you would think about a peg ratio, so as now is a peq ratio or something like that where what is the right unit of valuation premium you should pay for each incremental unit of quality. We have actually spent a ton of time thinking about this and working on it. So, valuation absolutely plays a role in this and I think we have to think about the relation, not have to, we do think about the relationship between quality and valuation. What I am kind of implying here, in theory, is that maybe the quality valuation premium is more warranted than it is for a growth. And, also, more sustainable. Now, that is an open question, but that is our theory. And, thus, you know, we still want to, so this is critical to where we spend a lot of research time, to dumb it down to say,Show MoreRelatedForecasting Quality Grade And Certified Angus Beef Premiums By Joe Parcel1065 Words   |  5 Pages The data I chose to analyze is an article entitled, Forecasting Quality Grade and Certified Angus Beef Premiums, by Joe Parcel. This article analyzes the risk and uncertainty of forecasting the future prices of premiums in certified Angus beef grid pricing. Data was derived from the US department of Agriculture and the CME group spanning November2, 1996 through January 11, 2016. The data used in this article was weekly data determined by date with daily spot corn prices and live cattle and feederRead MoreUsing Secondary Scales, Reliable And Valid959 Words   |  4 Pagesthat there were significant differences for shopping enjoyment at a significance level of .036 and price quality at .011. Through our Tukey test, we found the differences for a ge were from shopping enjoyment age selections â€Å"ages 22-35† and â€Å"ages 36-50†, both with a significance level of .045. The post hoc analysis also resulted in a significance level of .007 for â€Å"over 50† in the price quality factor. Based on this data, we concluded that those between the ages 22-35 and 36-50 responded to the surveyRead MoreRobert Mondavi s Company : A Premium Wine Making Company1389 Words   |  6 PagesRobert Mondavi’s company is a premium wine making company he founded in 1966. The company is located in California and has grown to become one of the world’s finest and most innovative wine makers over a period of 35 years. The company has over the past enjoyed impressive growth evidenced by earnings per share growing by 28% since 1994 and market value rising to approximately $600 million. Robert Mondavi grew his company through acquisitions such as the purchase of Woodbridge winery and making majorRead MorePeak Sealing Technology Case Study Essay718 Words   |  3 Pagesand analyze the pro and cons of introducing an economy tape * Values: * K-2 tapes line provide leading performance in durability, materials, holding force, temperature resistance level and extreme utilization condition. * Despite the premium pricing, K-2 product provide more competitive overall cost trough superior performance. * K-2 sales force are the best trained and knowledgeable in the industry, K-2 sales force also provide sales and technical assistance include performingRead MoreRobert Mondavi Corporation ( Rmc ) Analysis1393 Words   |  6 PagesRobert Mondavi Corporation (RMC) Analysis The Premium U.S. Domestic Wine Markets and Industry The U.S. wine industry consisted of 1,500 wineries; however, it was highly concentrated industry since 70% of the wine, by volume, was produced by the top 10 wineries. California was the leader in the U.S. wine industry and was accounted for 90% of the production from over 800 wineries. Wine distribution system consisted from wineries, wholesalers, and local retailer and nonretail outlets. Selling wineRead MoreUse Of Medical Loss Ratios1408 Words   |  6 Pagessubstantial portion of consumers’ premium dollars on administrative costs and profits, including executive salaries, overhead, and marketing. The cost of health care continues to rise and those receiving benefits from insurance companies want to ensure the premiums paid are used in support of providing health care to those in need. To understand this division of spending, the Affordable Health Care Act requires health insurance issuers to submit data on the proportion of premium revenues spent on clinicalRead MoreRus sian Standard Vodka: Strategies for Global Branding and Expansion Into the Us Market1460 Words   |  6 PagesCourse T1-2011-2012 Background Russian Standard vodka, known as Russia’s number one premium vodka brand, was founded by Roustam Tariko and initially launched in 1998. Four years later the sales of this authentic Russian premium vodka surpassed all imported premium vodkas, achieving the number one position in the premium segment with a 27% market share in its domestic market. Brand Identity The first truly premium Russian vodka that â€Å"Embraced the past†¦and inspired progress†. Company’s Objective Read MoreRussian Standard Vodka Case Study1605 Words   |  7 Pagesmarket entry recommendations. 1. Russian Standard 1.1 Overview Russian Standard was launched by Roust Holdings, a company driven by an unusual mix of quality orientation and Russian pride. In launching the Russian Standard brand, the ambition of Roustam Tariko, founder and main owner of Roust Holdings, was to set a new standard of world-class quality for a new breed of global Russian brands. The first category to which Tariko decided to apply his Russian Standard concept was vodka - born in RussiaRead Moremr. Davis solman1300 Words   |  6 Pagesgeneration CEO who is a chemist by trade, is to continue  that expansion amid increased competition from the likes of Starbuck and Nespresso, and an inherently limited supply of high quality raw material, while maintaining the luxury soul of his product. Reason for changing from supply chain to direct supply a. Higher quality bean(coffee) b. Fair Trade In the 1990s they made a decision to buy their coffee directly from producers (Farmers) because of inquest of higher standard beans (coffee) and fairRead MoreThe Importance Of Internet Themes942 Words   |  4 Pageswebsites, one has to select a good theme. A plethora of free and premium themes are available on the World Wide Web, making it difficult for ordinary individuals to choose a right theme for the creation of their websites/blogs. One must always keep in mind that a website built with a good theme can help its owner to attract millions of visitors easily and create more business opportunities. But, a website created with a poor quality theme can disappoint its proprietor on several fronts, such as the

The Mind-Body Issue in Science Free Essays

Neuroscience is the study of the brain and psychology is†¦well, the answer to that question is not exactly clear.   A direct interpretation of the word â€Å"psychology† boils down to â€Å"the study of the psyche† or â€Å"the knowledge of the psyche†, but psychology does not have a definition of the psyche and, in general, they do not believe in it.   Psyche comes from the Greek word meaning soul, so the psyche is actually the study of the soul, and yet psychology today has more or less become a study of the mind, and ironic situation since neither psychologists nor neuroscientists believe in the existence of the mind. We will write a custom essay sample on The Mind-Body Issue in Science or any similar topic only for you Order Now The generally held accepted view of the mind is that the mind arises from the activity of the brain.   Thus, a major philosophical concern of neuroscience is, â€Å"Does the mind exist separate and independent of the brain?†Ã‚   The generally accepted answer to this question is, â€Å"No.   The mind is an epiphenomenon that arises from brain activity.†Ã‚   In the past, efforts were made to resolve this problem with philosophical arguments such as Fredric Weizmann’s ideas about genetics and embryology (Forsdyke, 1999) and Michael M. Sokal ideas about phrenology. Today, we can conclude that the mind/body problem of science has been successfully resolved despite the obvious fact that the resolution has yet to be recognized or acknowledged!   We can now take pride that the resolution to this dilemma did not result in confirming the â€Å"pervasive† 19th-century fear humans might ultimately be viewed as â€Å"mere machines† lacking souls. (Jacyna, 1994) Despite the generally accepted view that the mind is merely an epiphenomenon that arises from brain activity, more or less superimposed over brain activity, there is actually no evidence to support the idea.   To date, all of the available data, without exception, suggests that the mind and the brain are two separate but interacting ‘things’.   Whatever evidence that does not suggest this is neutral.   The evidence is sufficiently strong to have swayed diehard monists (who believe that the mind is the brain) into becoming dualists (who believe that the mind and the brain are separate). Upon a review of the available data at the end of his life, the late neurosurgeon Wilder Penfield, MD (1891 – 1976), a former monist, concluded the evidence, â€Å"†¦it comes as a surprise now to discover, during this final examination of the evidence, that the dualist hypothesis seems the more reasonable of the two possible explanations.† (Penfield, 1975)   Although the available data may support Penfield’s conclusion, there are still some interesting, intriguing and difficult questions to answer such as, â€Å"What is the realm of consciousness and the mind,† â€Å"How does consciousness and the mind and the realm of mind relate to the brain and the physical body,† and â€Å"Does a mind exist independent of the brain and the physical body?†Ã‚   We can briefly address each of these questions separately. The central problem with the dualist point of view is that the mind exists as an abstraction unless it arises from brain activity.   If the mind exists separate and independent of the brain, the answer to our first question is that the mind exists as an abstract field as proposed around the 1920s by developmental biologist Paul Weiss. (Weiss, 1926)   Then, in the mid and late 1930s, Dr. Harold Saxton Burr and his associates discovered just such a field. (Burr and Lane, 1935; Burr and Northrop, 1939) Dr. Burr discovered that all living things are molded and controlled by invisible and intangible electro-dynamic fields, that he called â€Å"L-fields† for the â€Å"fields of life†.   John White and Stanley Krippner call the L-field the â€Å"‘bridge’ or intermediate link between the mental and the physical†¦they offer evidence that the mind and body are quite separate†¦.† (White and Krippner, 1977) If Burr’s findings are correct, it seems apparent that consciousness and the mind are electrodynamic fields that interact with the physical body.   Burr was able to make a definitive connection between the L-field and wound healing and between the L-field and the mental functions and mental states of individuals. Burr and his colleagues found that they could make impersonal, objective measurements of the mental and emotional states of psychiatric patients and that their electrical measurements generally agreed closely with psychiatric diagnoses.   Consciousness and the mind somehow relate to the brain and the physical body through an electrical connection or bridge of sorts, forces associated with and coupled to cells. (Jerndal, 1982) Finally, although the preferred view of the mind-body/mind-brain issue in neuroscience and psychology is the monistic view which states that the mind is merely an epiphenomenon that arises from brain activity, it is apparent that the mind transcends physical functions of the body, but there are concerns such as can more detailed studies be provided to determine if the mind can be associated with the L-field?   Burr, Ravitz and their colleagues provided evidence that established a relationship between nerve and other tissue and that made useful neurological and psychiatric measurements that were associated with mental functions. Therefore, they succeeded in establishing a firm connection between an abstract but very real field and the tangible nervous system.   This data provides concrete evidence for the existence of an independent mind that transcends the functions of the physical body.   Thus, it appears that the mind-brain and mind-body issue can be laid to rest.   Now, the problem is, â€Å"How to get the word out.†Ã‚   Perhaps that leaves us right back where we started, at least for now. References Becker, Robert O. and Gary Selden (1985).   THE BODY ELECTRIC.   Electromagnetism and The Foundation of Life.   New York, NY: Quill, William Morrow. Burr, H. S. (1952).   Electrometrics of Atypical Growth.   Yale J. Biol. Med., 25, 67-75. Burr, H. S. (1972).   The Fields of Life:   Our Links with the Universe.   New York, NY:   Ballantine Books. Burr, H. S., and Lane, C. T. (1935).   Electrical Characteristics of Living Systems.   Yale Journal of Biology and Medicine, 8, 31-35. Burr, H. S., and Northrop, F. S. C. (1939).   Evidence for the Existence of An Electrodynamic Field in the Living Organisms.   Proceedings of the National Academy of Science, U.S.A., 25, 284-288. Eccles, Sir John C. (1951).   Hypotheses Relating To The Brain-Mind Problem.   Nature, 168(4263), 53-57. Forsdyke, D. R. (1999). Two levels of information in DNA: Relationship of Romanes’ â€Å"intrinsic† variability of the reproductive system, and Bateson’s â€Å"residue† to the species-dependent component of the base composition, (C + G) %. Journal of Theoretical Biology, 201, 47-61 Jacyna, L. S. (1994). Philosophic whigs: Medicine, science and citizenship in Edinburgh 1789-1848. London: Routledge. Jerndal, Jens (1982).   The Field Resonance Approaching Medicine.   Text of a Paper presented at the 3rd World Congress of Alternative Medicine, Colombo, Sri Lanka 22nd October, 1982. Penfield, Wilder (1975).  Ã‚   The Mystery of the Mind:   A Critical Study of Consciousness and the Human Brain.   Princeton, NJ:   Princeton University Press. Weiss, P. A. (1926)   â€Å"Morphodynamik:   Ein Einblick in die Gesetzte der organischen Gestaltung an Hand von experimentellen Ergebnissen,† in Abhandlungen zur theoretischen Biologie, (J. Schaxel, ed.), Gebruder Borntraeger, Berlin. White, John, and Krippner, Stanley (1977).   Future Science.   Life Energies and the Physics of Paranormal Phenomena.   Garden City, NY:   Anchor Books.       How to cite The Mind-Body Issue in Science, Essay examples

Creativity and Innovation Management †Free Samples to Students

Question: Discuss about the Creativity and Innovation Management Syetem. Answer: Introduction Dell Inc. is an American multinational, founded in the year 1984. The company is into computer and related products. Dell is also moving into new areas such as cybersecurity and data center design and management, and letting those new units operate more autonomously. The company has a revenue of $54 billion and it has close to100000 employees. Dell Inc. is in the elaboration stage of organizational lifecycle. In this stage part of the organization many split or be reformed such as Dell is doing (Bull Jobstvogt, 2016). Since this is so, this explains the process Dell is going through by seeing there are problems and producing formal solutions and controls to safeguard the organizations. Dell has its subsidiaries in various markets. The objective of this paper is to discuss the strategic analysis framework for one of the subsidiary of Dell Inc. The paper would discuss various internal and external factors that affects Dell Inc. in Indian market. It would include the factors like PEST, SWOT, etc. Based on the strategic analysis, the paper also discusses some of the recommendations for Dell Inc. in Indian market. The decision to return Dell back to the companys entrepreneurial roots by affording divisions a level of autonomy similar to start-up companies could be seen as a wise move based on strategic decision making by founder Michael Dell. The PEST analysis for Dells subsidiary in Indian market can be discussed as: The factors under the PEST analysis can be discussed as: Political Legal: The political and legal factors are positive for Dell Inc. as governments want that the companies in computer and IT sector to grow as it would mean more job opportunities in the region (Cricelli Greco, 2013). India is a developing country and current government is pro development. The Indian government has opened its arms for foreign players. Economic: The economic factors are positive and it is expected that the economy of developed and developing nations would continue to grow at decent growth rate. It is expected that Indian economy would continue to grow at a CAGR (Compounded Annual Growth Rate) of 6% (Kiron Kruschwitz, 2013). Social: Today, laptops have emerged as a necessity for different people. Therefore, the social factors can be termed as positive. In India, the laptop has become a necessity product for high class people, students and upper middle class. It is expected that the penetration of laptop would further increase in the Indian market. Technological: There has been several advancements in IT industry. The technology factors are positive for players in this industry. However, the only factor of concern is the low product life. India has seen various technological advancements and it is expected that the technological factors would remain positive for Dell in India market. SWOT analysis The SWOT analysis for Dell Inc. India subsidiary can be discussed as: STRENGTHS The ability to provide customized laptops with minimum lead time. The effective and efficient supply chain that helps Dell to optimize its cost of operation be it in any part of the world The strong legacy of Dell and its brand name in the market The cost leadership advantage that Dell has in various markets WEAKNESSES It seems to me that Dell, Inc. is an organization in the midst of what Daft (2015) described as the elaboration stage. One of major weaknesses of Dell is its internal bureaucracy. Another weakness of the company is limited visibility of mid-level management in the organizations. THREATS The biggest threat for Dell is the threat from competition like HP and Sony. HP and Sony are big name in Indian market and captures a good amount of market. There also exists threat from the external factors like legal factors in different regions, the government regulations, fluctuating market conditions, etc. There also exists some threat from the suppliers as they can increase the cost of raw material (Cricelli Greco, 2013) Another threat is the low switching cost of customers. Indian consumers are price sensitive and they have less brand loyalty OPPORTUNITIES Huge opportunity of standard products in emerging markets: When Dell first come out it only offered products that were custom built and had to be ordered direct from Dell. Although this strategy worked well at the onset, consumers often do not want to wait and are happy with the off-the-self model that could be found in their local area at retailers even it is a limited selection as it competitors have. Porter five forces analysis The five forces analysis for computer and electronics industry can be discussed as: Bargaining power of suppliers: The bargaining power of suppliers is average. The companies like Dell has the options to choose from number of suppliers. At the same time, there also exists some threat from the suppliers as they can increase the cost of raw material. Dell does not have its suppliers base in India. However, it has to source materials form its international supplier base. Bargaining power of buyers: The bargaining power of buyer is high as customer switching cost is very low. Indian consumers are price sensitive and they have less brand loyalty. They would easily switch to HP or Sony or any other brand, Threat of new entrants: The threat of new entrants is average. The entry barriers are limited. However, it is difficult to achieve the scale of large companies like Dell and HP (Colombo, 2016). Threat of substitutes: The threat of substitute is high in this industry. In recent times, the tablets and mobile phones have emerged as biggest substitute to laptops. The mobile penetration is very high in Indian market. There are few segments Indian consumers who would often want to have mobile phone or tablet with an Internet connection rather than a laptop. Industry rivalry: The industry rivalry is high in the industry. The competition is really in this industry. HP and Sony are big name in Indian market and captures a good amount of market. Four corner analysis Porter's four corners model is a predictive tool designed by Michael Porter that helps in determining a competitor's course of action. The four corner of Porters four models can be discussed as: Motivation Drivers This helps in determining competitor's action by understanding their goals and current position. A gap between these two would mean that competitor is likely to reach to the external threats. A narrow gap could mean that competitor would have a defensive strategy (David David, 2014). In Indian context, the gap is high as HP is one of the largest player in Indian market. Motivation Management Assumptions This corner focuses on perception of competitor about its strengths and weaknesses, culture, belief and goals, etc. (Landoni Dell'Era, 2016). Dell India is a known player in Indian laptop market; however, it cannot ignore the competition as competition is high. Actions Strategy It means the strategy with which the competitor is operating in the market. It could be cost leadership strategy, product differentiation or any other strategy. The players like Apple and Sony focuses on product differentiation in Indian market. The players like HP, Lenovo focuses on cost leadership in Indian market. Actions capabilities It means the ability of competitor to respond to external threats and external forces. The competitors like HP, IBM, Apple are big names that can address external threats very swiftly. These companies have deep pockets and high risk appetite to keep continue in the Indian market (Gormley, 2010). Value chain analysis Dell being in the elaboration stage; which is a do or die stage for most organizations. As they are pressured to adjust to the industry overall as a whole the organizations have taken a major hit on the side of profitability. In this stage of elaboration this is critical because of the moral of the company. Management may be challenged to adjust to a more organic style of management, which would be great however, it may be too late for Dell, Inc. However, they could try the collectivity stage where its the responsibility of leaders and marketing managers to take all the people together (Purkayastha, 2016). It is important to mention that revisiting the vision and the mission may require if Dell changes its product lines. The marketing activities at Dell can also change based on the vision and mission and this can only be successful if top level management are open to the input from its lower level employees. Recommendations The key recommendations for Dell Inc. can be discussed as: Dell should certainly increase its focus in the emerging markets. Trying a new market such as corporate mighty be a good experience however, with HP as a competitor its going to be difficult to keep up (David David, 2014). Dell India is doing good and it is recommended that Dell Inc. should increase its focus on its Indian subsidiary. It is recommended that Dell India must continue its path of cost leadership. The customers in the Indian market are cautious about the pricing of the product. Therefore, a good strategy for Dell India in Indian market would be to use the cost leadership strategy. Dell must invest on its research and development. In this industry, the product lifecycle is low and every year there are new and upgraded products in the market. It is critical to keep an eye on the emerging markets and then develop the firm level strategy (Abraham, 2013). Conclusion The above paper discusses the strategic analysis for Dell India. The Dell Inc. scenario is a good example of a company that had great performance when the personal computer was introduced. However, it appears that the company was having internal struggles with the demands regarding the growth of the computer industry. The paper highlights that firms must have a control over its internal factors and a close watch over the external factors. Dell, Inc. by seeing this lack of alignment between its structure and process, decided to be flexible by changing its structure. That might be the best chance Dell has to get ahead of its larger tech rivals like HP. It is important that Dell must continue its strategy and focus to keep moving forward in the tough market condition. References Abraham, S. (2013). Will business model innovation replace strategic analysis?.Strategy Leadership,41(2), 31-38. Bull, J. W., Jobstvogt, N., Bhnke-Henrichs, A., Mascarenhas, A., Sitas, N., Baulcomb, C., ... Carter-Silk, E. (2016). Strengths, weaknesses, opportunities and threats: A SWOT analysis of the ecosystem services framework.Ecosystem services,17, 99-111. Colombo, G., DellEra, C., Frattini, F., Landoni, P. (2016). Understanding virtual knowledge brokers and their differences with traditional ones.International Journal of Innovation Management,20(01), 1650015. David, M. E., David, F. R., David, F. R. (2014). Mission statement theory and practice: A content analysis and new direction.International Journal of Business, Marketing Decision Science,7(1), 95-110. Greco, M., Cricelli, L., Grimaldi, M. (2013). A strategic management framework of tangible and intangible assets.European Management Journal,31(1), 55-66. Gormley, T. A. (2010). The impact of foreign bank entry in emerging markets: Evidence from India.Journal of Financial Intermediation,19(1), 26-51. Kiron, D., Kruschwitz, N., Haanaes, K., Reeves, M., Goh, E. (2013). The innovation bottom line.MIT Sloan Management Review,54(3), 1. Landoni, P., Dell'Era, C., Ferraloro, G., Peradotto, M., Karlsson, H., Verganti, R. (2016). Design Contribution to the Competitive Performance of SMEs: The Role of Design Innovation Capabilities.Creativity and Innovation Management,25(4), 484-499. Purkayastha, A., Sharma, S. (2016). Gaining competitive advantage through the right business model: analysis based on case studies.Journal of Strategy and Management,9(2), 138-155.

10 Useful Tips for a Speech about Your Life

10 Useful Tips for a Speech about Your Life Have been told to give a speech about yourself and searching for material to use? If yes, then you are in the right place. There are many incidents in your life which you can focus your speech on. Unfortunately, that’s easier said than done. The truth is that to write a truly great speech, you need inspiration. And that spark won’t just light itself in your head. To get your mental juices running, you need tips that guide you to the right path. Here are some great tips which you can use to write an excellent speech about your life: Steve Jobs gave the Stanford commencement speech and told everyone that settling down is very mainstream. He was the co-founder of Apple but later on he was kicked out of his own company. He claims that that was the best thing that ever happened to him because that pushed him to explore new paths. He became so diversified that Apple had to rehire him. Apple has since created ground breaking laptops, computers and of course the phone that changed the face of regular handhelds, the iPhone. Steve Job’s life story was a clear proof that he never settled for anything less than what he deserved. He became one of the most iconic and influential figures in the modern day technological era. JK Rowling, who’s the author of the now-famous Harry Potter series, initially faced a lot of hurdles. The idea of Harry Potter was turned down by several publishers. Her speech at Harvard University was around the very idea of the benefits of failure. She said in clear words that what she feared most at a young age was not poverty, but failure. JK Rowling said that she felt extremely sad when she was suffering from failures, but she believes that those very failures helped her strip away the inessential. She took a lesson out of her own life and wrote a beautiful speech, she told everyone that we don’t need magic to change the world because everything we need is already inside us. Especially the power of imagination. Jim Carrey gave the commencement speech at Maharishi University and, as expected, it went viral. In his speech he told everyone that even if someone plans their life safely, they can still fail, so it’s better to go big or go home. Jim then tells a tale about his own father wanting to become a comedian but decided to go about life in a financially secure manner and ended up being an accountant. His father played it safe but he was fired and the family ended up being extremely poor anyway. David Foster gave an everlasting speech at the graduation ceremony of Kenyon College. His speech became so iconic that it was translated into various forms of literature. The author put his own imagination and experiences in the speech by telling everyone that they are all part of a gigantic and constantly changing interaction of life forms. David emphasized on the point that it is important to step out of our comfort zones and interact with others, even if it’s extremely unpleasant, to truly experience life. David suffered from depression and his life-story ended on a very bleak note but this speech may have been his answer to everyone who felt like him. Comedian Stephen Colbert gave a terrific speech at Northwestern University that was full of improvisation and humor. His entire speech was surrounded around the emphasis that life cannot be planned. And where did he get such good material to talk about? His own life. Mr. Colbert told the young graduates that life is good at throwing curve balls on a daily basis. According to him, the most successful people are those who can improvise and deal with life on-the-go. He gave examples out of his own life as well, telling people that life is just like improv-comedy. You don’t know what’s next, but you roll with the punches. Admiral William H McRaven gave one of the most iconic speeches at the University of Texas at Austin which was based entirely upon his own life experiences. The Admiral refers to the advantages of various routines that are forced upon new navy recruits. He tells people that every morning in basic SEAL training, every time the instructors came in the barracks in the morning they would inspect the bed. According to him, this mundane task seemed unnecessary at the time but eventually proved to be beneficial to him. If we all make our bed every morning, we will feel a sense of accomplishment. This one task completed will start a chain reaction of completion of various other tasks throughout the day. Simply putting it, he said everything that he achieved in his life was because he believed that if little things can’t be done properly, the bigger ones won’t be done at all. Kurt Vonnegut gave the commencement speech at Agnes Scott College and talked about how important it is to never worry about the small things that happen in life. Once again it’s evident that a very well-constructed and inspirational speech was given while keeping personal life in perspective. Mr. Kurt told the youngsters that in order to live a happy life, one must learn to let things go. He simply told the kids that you shouldn’t expect people to forgive you if you yourself don’t have the capacity to forgive others. He emphasized on the point that it is extremely unhealthy to live your life while having a personal vendetta in your heart. Neil Gaiman gave a commencement speech at the University of the Arts. As Mr. Gaiman is well-known for his work in various literary mediums including journalism, novels and comic books, he decided to make a speech on how distracting the success can be. He told everyone how his success forced him to deviate from his work and that instead of replying to a plethora of fan-mails he should have written more. His message was that no matter how much success you attain; you should never let people stand in the way of the things you love to do. Barack Obama gave an impressive keynote speech at the 2004 Democratic National Convention. The core theme of this speech was all about how anyone, if dedicated enough, can beat the odds. He talked about his own life where he never had the support or the confidence of his peers that he would make it this far. Four years later he became the president of the United States of America. Bill Murray is one of the most iconic comedians of this and the previous century. He once had crashed a bachelor party and gave an extremely insightful speech. Bill tells the bachelors to travel the world with the girl he wants to marry and go to places which are extremely difficult for tourists and if you make it back to the states still loving each other, then she is the one for you. What he meant to say is that it is easy to love when the circumstances are easy and less challenging. And we bet that Bill must have given this speech based on his own life experiences. So that’s it. We believe you can use these tips to help you write a good speech about you or your life. Whether it’s a commencement speech or a bachelor party, the idea remains the same. We will even be helping you out with the topics and a complete guide on this genre which you can read in the next articles. References: About MUM. (n.d.). Retrieved April 28, 2016, from https://www.mum.edu/whats-happening/graduation-2014/full-jim-carrey-address-video-and-transcript/ Everlasting Speech Alumni Bulletin Kenyon College. (n.d.). Retrieved April 28, 2016, from http://bulletin.kenyon.edu/x4276.html Jacobs, P. (2015). A Navy SEAL commander told students to make their beds in the best graduation speech of 2014. Retrieved April 28, 2016, from businessinsider.com/mcraven-best-commencement-speech-university-texas-2015-4 Neil Gaiman: Keynote Address 2012. (n.d.). Retrieved April 28, 2016, from uarts.edu/neil-gaiman-keynote-address-2012 Northwestern University. (n.d.). Retrieved April 28, 2016, from northwestern.edu/about/our-people/stephen-colbert.html Text of J.K. Rowling’s speech. (n.d.). Retrieved April 28, 2016, from http://news.harvard.edu/gazette/story/2008/06/text-of-j-k-rowling-speech/ Text of Steve Jobs Commencement address (2005). (2005). Retrieved April 28, 2016, from https://news.stanford.edu/2005/06/14/jobs-061505/

”The Piece of String” by Guy de Maupassant Essay Essays

†The Piece of String† by Guy de Maupassant Essay Essays †The Piece of String† by Guy de Maupassant Essay Paper †The Piece of String† by Guy de Maupassant Essay Paper I. Analysis of ElementssA. Fictional charactersThe story’s two major characters are both considered as a stereotype character. Their functions were easy known as the writer clearly discussed their parts and countenances in the narrative. The story’s supporter is Maitre Hauchecome. He was wrongly accused for stealing a pocketbook with five 100 francs and some concern documents. Every clip people saw him. they harassed him. He can besides be a dynamic character. From being a simple and guiltless adult male. he was all of a sudden ruined by unfairness. Another character is Maitre Malandain. He was surely identified as the adversary of the narrative when the writer stated that he was the enemy of Maitre Hauchecome and when he even said the city manager that Maitre Hauchecome was the 1 who stole the pocketbook. Last. he was the ground for the destroyed life of Maitre Hauchecome. Minor Fictional characters were besides seen in the narrative. They are the city manager. Maitre Authirne. tavern keeper and a Equus caballus trader. Maitre Fortune. proprietor of the pocketbook. and Marius Paumelle. the 1 who found the leather pocketbook. These characters are all considered a level character for they did non alter all over the narrative. B. ConflictThe struggles used by the writer in the narrative were adult male vs. adult male and adult male vs. society. Man vs. adult male occurred when Maitre Hauchecome was accused for acquiring the black leather pocketbook incorporating five 100 francs and some concern documents by his enemy – Maitre Malandain. Another struggle shown was adult male vs. society. Being incognizant. people around him still alleged him even though the farmer at Ymanville already returned the pocketbook. C. Point of ViewThe narrative is uttered in Third Person Point of View since the storyteller of the narrative is non a character in the narrative. Furthermore. the storyteller is an foreigner who sees the head of the characters. He inquired: â€Å"Is Maitre Hauchecome of Breaute here? †Maitre Hauchecome. seated at the other terminal of the tabular array. replied: â€Å"Here I am. †And the officer resumed:â€Å"Maitre Hauchecome. will you hold the goodness to attach to me to the mayor’s office? The city manager would wish to speak to you. † II. Discussion of the Subject1. You can neer be guiltless one time you’re accusedAs rumours are easy dispersed presents. people will merely judge the manner they think about you without cognizing the truth. No affair how you deeply explicate. you will ever be thought of as guilty. And whether you are already free from the indictment. it is impossible that people will quickly bury what you had undergone. By the clip Maitre Hauchecome was mistakenly accused of stealing merely because of picking up the twine. everyone thought that he was a rascal. After the accusal. people overlooked him. and even when the pocketbook was already returned. 2. How society can be barbarous In life. one time you’re suspected. people around you will ever pull off to hold bad ideas about you. They easy believe in what others say and they will non care about how you will experience. In the instance of Maitre Hauchecome. he was wrongly alleged by his enemy of acquiring the pocketbook. Peoples disbelieved him as he said that he was non the stealer. And when the pocketbook was returned by a adult male. the society still thought that he had an confederate who returned it. III. Vocabularyburgh- a borough or chartered townswerved- diverged ; veeredthrong- a big. dumbly packed crowd of people or animate beingssavage- fierce. violent. and uncontrolledrheumatism- any disease marked by redness and hurting in the articulations.musculuss. or hempen tissue exasperated- infuriated ; maddenedprotruded- jutted ; projectedjovialness- endowed with or characterized by a hearty. joyous wit or a spirit of good-fellowship threshold- a strip of wood. metal. or rock organizing the underside of a room access and crossed in come ining a house or room. perplexed- confused ; puzzled IV. Figures of Address1. Personificationâ€Å"Their blouses. blue. â€Å"stiff-starched. † polishing as if varnished. ornamented with a small design in white at the cervix and carpuss. whiff about their bony organic structures. seemed like balloons ready to transport them off. † 2. Consonance â€Å"Maitre Hauchecome was seized with a kind of shame to be seen therefore by his enemy. picking a spot of threading out of the soil. † 3. Litotessâ€Å"What grieved me so much was non the thing itself as the prevarication. There is nil so black as to be placed under a cloud on history of a prevarication. † 4. Hyperboleâ€Å"He went place ashamed and indignant. choking with choler and confusion. the more dejected that he was capable. with his Norman craft. of making what they had accused him of and of all time self-praise of it as of a good bend. † 5. Appositional â€Å"The following twenty-four hours about one o’clock in the afternoon Marius Paumelle. a hired adult male in the employ of Maitre Breton. farmer at Ymanville. returned the pocketbook and its contents to Maitre Houlbreque of Manneville. † V. Analysis of Literary Devicess1. Flashbackâ€Å"I was seen. me? Who says he saw me? †Ã¢â‚¬Å"Monsieur Malandain. the harness shaper. †The old adult male remembered. understood and flushed with choler.Flashback was presented when Maitre Hauchecome tried to remember the clip when Monsieur Malandain was looking at him while he was picking up the piece of twine. 2. Imaginationâ€Å"In the public square of Goderville there was a crowd. a multitude of human existences and animate beings assorted together. The horns of the cowss. the tall chapeaus. with long sleep. of the rich provincial and the headdress of the peasant adult females rose above the surface of the assembly. And the blatant. shrill. shouting voices made a uninterrupted and barbarian blare which sometimes was dominated by the robust lungs of some countryman’s laugh or the long lowing of a cow tied to the wall of a house. † Imagery was shown since the writer was able to allow the readers imagine the existent topographic point of Goderville by allowing them have the ocular image of it. The lines made the readers feel as if they were present in the really minute. right between the lines. 3. Suspense He inquired:â€Å"Is Maitre Hauchecome of Breaute here? †Maitre Hauchecome. seated at the other terminal of the tabular array. replied: â€Å"Here I am. †And the officer resumed:â€Å"Maitre Hauchecome. will you hold the goodness to attach to me to the mayor’s office? The city manager would wish to speak to you. †Suspense was seen since the writer successfully allow the reader inquiry about the things will go on next. Intense feeling was besides present to the readers as they wait for what will go on to Hauchecome. and as they ask why he was called by the city manager. 4. Chekhov’s Gun â€Å"Maitre Hauchecome of Breaute had merely arrived at Goderville. and he was directing his stairss toward the public square when he perceived upon the land a small piece of twine. Maitre Hauchecome. economical like a true Norman. thought that everything utile ought to be picked up. and he bent distressingly. for he suffered from rheumatism. He took the spot of thin cord from the land and began to turn over it carefully† By the clip Hauchecome picked up the twine. it seems like it has nil to make with the narrative. But it became notable towards the center of the narrative because it was the ground why he was blamed for stealing every bit Malandain told the city manager a different narrative sing the thing Hauchecome picked up. 5. Asyndeton â€Å"The adult females. holding placed their great baskets at their pess. had taken out the domestic fowl which lay upon the land. tied together by the pess. with panicky eyes and vermilion crests. †The line shows Asyndeton as the writer merely used comma to hold uninterrupted flow of ideas which speeds up the beat of the transition. and to hold more memorable thoughts. VI. Valuing1. EagernessThroughout the narrative. avidity was obviously seen in the character of Hauchecome. By the clip he was accused because of the incorrect statement said by Malandain. people around him beleaguered and disbelieved him. He was really eager to turn out to the people that he was guiltless. And when he knew about the returned pocketbook. he even spread it to some aliens merely to verify his artlessness. 2. Cynicism This value was decidedly exposed when Hauchecome. blamed for stealing the pocketbook. was suspected by the society even though they did non cognize the truth. Intuition was shown by the people around him. They didn’t give Hauchecome a opportunity to support his artlessness. alternatively they criticized him. He besides experienced racism as the people say bad remarks to him. VII. Social Relevanceâ€Å"You shall non travel around as a defamer among your people. and you shall non stand up against the life of your neighbour: I am the Lord. † -Leviticus 19:16Connecting to the poetry. we should cognize how to love others. as we are called boies of God. We shouldn’t accuse others for the wickednesss they have committed because we do non cognize what their grounds truly are. Overpowering to people can already do us to perpetrate wickedness. In our society. we invariably hear people around us speaking about another individual. Judging them instantly the manner they act. Particularly to adolescents. they criticize individuals they do non like. They do non cognize that what they are making is already considered as an wickedness. Furthermore. we can detect that unfairness is frequently go oning in our state. Some delinquents are non being punished by the jurisprudence merely because they have the authorization and decidedly. the money. In drumhead. we should larn to accept the failing of others and we must non take advantage of it. Finally. we should non be the ground for the ruin of others. VIII. Comprehension Response1. Is Hauchecome more of an ignorant or an guiltless adult male? Why?In my sentiment. Hauchecome is more of an nescient adult male. He merely went to Goderville without cognizing that he will be able to run into his bad luck at that place. He was besides nescient in the instance he was suspected even though he was non the 1 who stole the pocketbook. He was incognizant that his enemy already disgraced him. And by the clip the pocketbook was returned. people in his milieus still talked behind his dorsum negatively. 2. Who do you believe should be blamed for the decease of Hauchecome? He. himself or the society? Why? For me. both he and the society should be blamed for his decease. He. himself should be blamed since he allow the people around him affect him. He should hold ignored them for he knew to himself that he was guiltless. He wasn’t able to stay strong when people tried to impeach him. Furthermore. society should besides be responsible for his decease as they were the ground for the failing of Hauchecome. They kept on stating bad thoughts to him which made him feebler and made him experience non to contend any longer. 3. How does the narrative mirror the job of societal injustice-its victim and its proliferators? Appertaining to the narrative. Hauchecome was blamed for the offense he did non make. People easy judged him even though they did non cognize the truth. Towards the terminal of the narrative. he was still non given any justness. This mirrors the job of the society wherein justness is non being sensible. Some felons are off from punishments. while the guiltless people are being punished and are going the victims. Peoples easy believe in rumours and give accusals instantly without inquiring for the existent narrative.

Remarkable Telecommunication Revolution Assignment - 2

Remarkable Telecommunication Revolution - Assignment Example The mobile phone handset market has various powerfully interlinked entities. It is significant that the popularity and dominance of each company show a discrepancy in each market.  In this industry, major operator’s function using a wide-ranging set of diverse operation modes. Nokia, for example, has factories, R&D, and sales offices all around the world. The factories are generally situated in low-cost nations but most R&D centers are functioning in countries with advanced research and â€Å"R&D† infrastructure such as the United States, Switzerland, Germany, and Finland. The competing companies considered at this point are the mobile handset manufacturers who perform to make their business safe or fight back with the limited factors of production. Internationalization is happening in all areas of the organization. Especially in â€Å"telecommunications† sector, changes are happening each day. The traditional theories of the process of internationalization of organizations are mainly based on the researches carried out on MNC’s engaged in manufacturing. These theories suggest that the firms can start their â€Å"internationalization† by entering into â€Å"foreign markets† with a small â€Å"psychic distance† by entering into â€Å"foreign markets† such as geographical and culturally close nations. Also, the companies can start their â€Å"internationalization† â€Å"internationalization† along with less committed function modes, such as exports, before the commitment of more capital by spending in the â€Å"foreign markets†. The procedure is linear and ultimately develops into a â€Å"global strategy† by the companies.

Texas admitted to the Union in 1845 Research Paper

Texas admitted to the Union in 1845 - Research Paper Example The path of Texas from early colonization to statehood has always been filled with events important to American history as a whole. The first humans to inhabit the land were Native Americans. Over 30,000 Native American tribes roamed the land1. One tribe, the Caddos, were known for not only being a peaceful tribe, but for their distinctive tattoos and clothing2. It is believed that the very word â€Å"Texas† can be traced back to Native Americans, as the word â€Å"Tejas† is thought to be the Spanish translation for the Caddo word â€Å"friend†3. However, the Native Americans of Texas history were not allowed to live peacefully, as Europe soon came in to colonize their lands. The first country to colonize Texas was Spain. In 1519 Alonzo Alvarez de Pineda made a map of the Texas coastline, allowing Spain to establish its first foothold4. In 1528, Spanish conquistador Alvar Nunez Cabeza de Vaca came to what is now Texas in search of â€Å"cities of gold†5. However, the land was not formally claimed for Spain until 1598, and the first permanent Spanish settlement and mission, Corpus Christi de la Isleta, took another eighty-four years to be formed6. Once this was done, Spain would not be forced away from them until hundreds of years in the future. The main objectives for the Spanish were gold and population growth. No amount of gold was ever found, and many lost their lives while looking for the wealth they believed to be in the area7. In 1682, permanent Spanish missions were established by priests to convert the local Native American population to Christianity8. The belief behind this was that converting the Native American population would strengthen the position of Spain in the New World9. Though the priests tried their best, their actions were hampered by the death rate of Native Americans upon being exposed to European diseases10. This did not deter the Spanish from building

Internal Control Over Financial Reporting Essay

Internal Control Over Financial Reporting - Essay Example The editing paper "Internal Control Over Financial Reporting" talks about the internal control over financial reporting and performing an integrated audit of Ford Motor Company and Toyota Motor Corporation. According to the Securities and Exchange Commission, disclosure procedures and controls includes those procedures and controls put in place to ensure that the information required to be availed in financial reports is processed, recorded, summarized and reported within the required timeframe as stipulated in the SEC rules. These procedures and control policy have an organized framework that enables an issuer to disclose the information required in the Exchange Act reports. The accumulated report is presented to the management of the issuer who include financial and principal executive officers within an appropriate time limit that enable implementation old decisions on the required disclosures. Despite their differences, internal controls and disclosure control overlap over financial reporting. Therefore, inherent limitations are those unintentional errors or intentional misstatements that may reflect in financial reports despite proper design and monitoring process. Comments on these limitations on financial report and statements aim at highlighting the impossibility of a 100% assurance control system, and that the information in the statements is material-error free. And the assurance that internal control does not contain any material weaknesses is essential to a management team.

Changing Environment And Its Impact On Business Information Technology Essay

Changing Environment And Its Impact On Business Information Technology Essay With the emergence of internet, business organization of 20th century has undergone structural, cultural and qualitative change, the way business is done and a new organization structure has emerged known as E business enterprise. E business enterprise enables employees, professionals, terms, groups, vendors, customers to perform business operations through electronic exchange of data and information anywhere at any time. The business operations are performed through E communication and collaboration initiatives. Therefore, E business enterprise has a global market, reach, source and global competition. Due to extensive use of technology, the enterprise is now called a digital firm. The business process are conducted through enterprise software like ERP (Enterprise Resource Planning), SCM (Supply Chain Management) and CRM (Customer Relationship Management) supported by data warehouse, decision support system, knowledge management and content management system. Information Technology (IT) consists of computer hardware, software, data and storage technology, and networks along with the human resources required to operate the technology. The managers and employees directly interact with these systems, it is important for the company now and in the future that the information architecture and IT infrastructure meet the business requirements of the company and that the systems can work together where needed. An Information System (IS) as interrelated components that work together to collect, process, store, and disseminate information to support decision making, coordination, control, analysis, and visualization in an organization. An Inofrmation System (IS) can be any organised combination of people, hardware, software, communication networks, and data resources that stores and retrieves, transforms and disseminates information in an organization The Field of Information Systems encompasses many complex technologies abstract behavioral concepts, and specialized application in countless business and nonbusiness areas. The figure beside Illustrates a useful conceptual framework that organizes the knowledge presented in the text and outlines what you need to know about information system. For Detailed Information Students are requested to refer MIS by James A OBrien Page 6 7 This framework Outlines the Major areas of Information Systems Knowledge needed by business professionals The Three Major roles of the business applications of information systems. Information system provides an organization with support for business processes and operations, decision making, and competitive advantage Support Business Process and Operations: As a consumer, you regularly encounter information system that supports the business process and operations at the many retail stores where you shop. For example most retail stores now use computer based information system to help them record customer purchases, keep track of inventory, pay employees, buy new merchandise, and evaluate sales trends. Store operations would grind to a halt without the support of such information system Support Decision Making: Information System also help store managers and other business professionals make better decision. For Example, decisions on what lines of merchandise need to be added or discontinued, or on what kind of investment they require, are typically made after an analysis provide by computer based information systems. This not only supports the decision making of stores managers, buyers and other, but also helps them look for ways to gain an advantage over other retailers in the competition for customers. Support Competitive Advantage: Gaining a strategic advantage over competitors requires innovative application of information technologies. For example, store management might make a decision to install touch screen kiosks in all of their stores, with link to their e-commerce web site for online shopping. This might attract new customers and build customer loyalty because of the case of shopping and buying merchandise provide by such information system. Thus, strategic information systems can help provide products and services that give a business a comparative advantage over its competitors. DATA INFORMATION AND ITS ATTRIBUTES D:Projectsken pptslides imageslaudonf01-02.gif Data: Streams of raw facts representing events such as business transactions Information: Clusters of facts those are meaningful and useful to human beings in the processes such as making decisions The Features / Attributes / Characteristics of Information Improves representation of an entity Updates the level of Knowledge Has a surprise value Reduces uncertainty Aids in decision making Three activities in an information system produce the information that organizations need to make decision, control operations, analyze problem and create new products or services. These activities are input, processing and output. Input Captures or collects raw data from within the organization of from its external environment. Processing converts this raw input into a meaningful form. Output transfers the processed information to the people who will use it or to the activities for activities for which it will be used. Information system also require feedback, which is output that is returned to appropriate members of the organization to help them evaluate or correct the input stageD:Ken ppt -Rituch2imageslaudonf01-03.gif CLASSIFICATION OF THE INFORMATION The information can be classified in a number of ways provide to a better understanding. John Dearden of Harvard University classifies information in the following manner. Action Versus No-action Information Recurring Versus Non-recurring information Internal Versus External Information Planning Information Control Information Knowledge Information Organizational Information Database information Functional or Operational information Action Versus No-action Information: The information which induces action is called as action information. The information which communicates only the status of a situation is a no-action information. No stock report calling a purchase action is an action information but the stock ledger showing the store transactions and the stock balance is a No-action information. Recurring versus non recurring information: The information generated at regular intervals is recurring information. The monthly sales reports, the stock statements, the trial balance, etc are recurring information. The financial analysis or the report on the market research study is non recurring information. Internal versus External information: the information generated through the internal sources of the organization is termed as an internal information, while the information generated through the government reports, the industry surveys, etc is termed as an external information, as the sources of the data are outside the organization. Planning information: certain standards, norms and specification are used in the planning of any activity. Hence, such information is called the planning information. The time standards, the operational standards, the design standards are the examples of the planning information. Control information: Reporting the status of an activity through a feedback mechanism is called the control information. When such information shows a deviation from the goal or the objective, it will induce a decision or an action leading to control. Knowledge Information: A collection of information through the library reports and the research studies to build up a knowledge base as an information source for decision making is known as knowledge information. Such a collection is not directly connected to decision making, but the need of knowledge is perceived as a power or a strength of the organization. Organization Information: When the information is used y everybody in the organization, it is called as organization information. Database Information: When the information has a multiple use and application, it is called the database information Functional or the operational information: When the information is used in the operations of a business it is called functional or the operational information. Module 2 Transaction processing systems (TPS) are basic business systems that serve the operational level of the organization by recording the daily routine transactions required to conduct business, such as payroll and sales receipts. Transactional Processing system is a computerized system that performs and records the daily routine transactions necessary to conduct business. Examples of TPS are order entry system, cheque processing system, accounts receivable systems, accounts payable systems and ticket reservation systems. These systems help any company to conduct operations and keep track of its activities. TPS was first developed in the year 1950s in accounting departments of major corporations. It is the oldest type of information system and can be called as the work horse of the information system industry for the last 50 years.D:Ken ppt -Rituch2imageslaudonf02-02.gif The principal purpose of systems at this level is to answer routine questions and to track the flow of transactions through the organization. How many parts are in inventory? What happened to Mr. Williams payment? To answer these kind of questions, information generally must be easily available, current, and accurate. At the operational level, tasks resources, and goals are predefined and highly structured. The decision to grant credit to a customer, for instance, is made by a lower level supervisor according to predefined criteria. All that must be determined is whether the customer meets the criteria H:mis10eimagesimg02_06.jpg The figure illustrated beside is transaction processing system. Managers need TPS to monitor the status of internal operations and the firms the external environment. TPS are also major producers of information for the other types of system TPS are often so central to a business that TPS failure for few hours can lead to a firms demise and perhaps that of other firms linked to it. Imagine what would the airlines do without their computerized reservation system? Transaction processing is the set of procedures for handling the transactions. Common Activities in transaction processing include: Calculation Classification Sorting Storage Summarization Types of Functional categories of TPS Systems D:Ken ppt -Rituch2imageslaudonf02-04.gif Management Information System The MIS has More than one Definition, some of which are given below: The MIS is defined as a system which provides information support for decision making in the organization. The MIS is defined as an integrated system of man and machine for providing the information to support the operations, the management and the decision making function in the organization. The MIS is defined as a system based on the database of the organization evolved for the purpose of providing information to the people in the organization. The MIS is defined as a computer based information system. It serve middle managers interests by providing current and historical performance information to aid in planning, controlling, and decision making at the management level. MIS typically compress TPS data to present regular reports on the companys basic operations. Middle Management needs systems to help with monitoring, controlling, decision making, and administrative activities. The principal question addressed by such systems is this: Are things working well? In any organization, small or big, a major portion of the time goes in data collection processing, documenting and communication it to the people. Hence, a major portion of the overheads goes into this kind of unproductive work in the organization. Every individual in an organization is continuously looking for some information which is needed to perform his / her task. Hence, the information is people oriented and it varies with the nature of the people in t he organization. Role of the Management Information System. The system ensures that an appropriate data is collected for the various sources, processed and sent further to all the need destinations. The system is expected to fulfill the information needs of an individual, a group of individuals, the management functionaries: the managers and the top management. The MIS satisfies the diverse needs through a variety of systems such as query systems, analysis system, modeling systems and decision support system MIS helps in strategic planning , management control, operational control and transactional processing The MIS helps the clerical personnel in the transaction processing and answers their queries on the data pertaining to the transaction, that status of a particular record and references on a variety of documents The MIS plays the role of information generation, communication, problem identification and helps in the process of decision making. The MIS, therefore, plays a vital role in the management, administration and operations of an organization. Decision Support systemH:mis10eimagesimg02_08.jpg DSS is an interactive computer based system which facilitates the solution of unstructured problem. Scott Morton Defined Decision Support system as Interactive computer based systems, which help decision makers utilize data and models to solve unstructured problem It supports non routine decision making for middle management. They focus on problems that are unique and rapidly changing, for which the procedure for arriving at a solution may not be fully predefined in advance. They try answering questions such as these: what would be the impact on production scheduled if we were to double sales in the month of December? What would happen to our return on investment if a factory schedule were delayed for six months? Although DSS are internal information from TPS and MIS they often bring in information from external sources, such as current stock prices or product prices of competitors. These systems use a variety of models to analyze data, or they condense large amounts of data into a form in which decision makers can analyze them. DSS Characteristics of DSS Ability to support the solution of complex problem Fast response to unexpected situations that result in changed inputs Designed to help support decisions that are formulated as semi structured, complex problems May be constructed to support one time decisions DSS is typically designed for either a particular decision maker or a group of decision makers Allows the decision makers to interact in a natural manner due to careful design of the interface It is a way to organize information intended for use in decision making Ability to quickly and objectively try different strategies under different configurations Other Characteristics: Cost Savings Improving managerial effectiveness Extensive range of support to management Support of individual / group Graphic Display Designed and run managers; incorporated data and models Attributes of Decision Support system Flexibility: The system are flexible so that any semi structured or unstructured decision making sitation can be tackled with ease and speed Simple models: The systems use simple models of decision making. The only change is that a different set of information is sought for the use of different models. The choice of a model depends upon the complexity of decision making Database: the decision support system needs database(s). The system calls for several inputs from database(s) from decision making. The use of information being common, input to the system is from the database Types of Decision Support System Status inquiry system: The number of decisions in the operational management and some at the middle management are such that they are based on one or two aspects of a decision making situations. It does not call for any elaborate computations, analysis, choice, etc. for decision making. If the status is known, the decision is automatic, i.e., the status and solution is unique relation Data analysis system: These Decision systems are based on comparative analysis, and use of a formula or an algorithm. But these processes are not structured and, therefore vary. The cash flow analysis, the inventory analysis and the personal inventory system are examples of the analysis systems. The use of simple data processing tools and business roles are required to develop this system. Information analysis system: In this system, the data is analyzed and information reports are generated. The reports might be having exceptions as a feature. The decision makers use these reports for assessment of the situation for decision making. The sales analysis, the accounts receivable systems, the market research analysis, the MRP systems are examples of the systems. Accounting System: These systems are not necessarily required for decision making but they are desirable to keep track of the major aspects of the business or a function. The contents of these systems are more data processing leading to formal reporting, with exceptions, if necessary. These systems account items such as cash, inventory, personnel and so on and relate it to a norm or norms developed by the management, for control and decision Model based systems: These systems are simulation model or optimization models for decisions making. These decisions, generally, are one time and infrequent and provide general guidelines for operation or management, the product mix decision, the material mix, the job scheduling rules, and the resource or asset or facilities planning systems are the examples. Executive Support System These are management information systems tailored to benefit the strategic information needs of the top management / senior executive. ESS summarizes and presents data at the highest levels of aggregation. Usually, they involve presenting reports in standard formats and they often involve graphics. ESS is the newest of the five categories of MIS. They have had the least acceptance of the five types. The reason being that most executives started their careers prior to widespread use of computer. Executive Support systems provide critical information from a wide variety of internal and external sources in easy to use displays to executives and managers. For example, top executive may use touch screen terminals to instantly view text and graphics displays that highlight key areas of organizational and competitive performance What are the characteristics of MIS? How do MIS differ from TPS? From DSS? MIS supports the management level by providing routine summary reports and exception reports for various purposes, including planning, controlling, and decision making. Examples include sales and profit per customer and per region, relocation summary and analysis, inventory control, capital investment analysis, and even a report on students who were here in the autumn but did not to return in the spring. MIS differs from TPS in that MIS deals with summarized and compressed data from the TPS and sometimes analysis of that summarized data. Decision-support systems provide material for analysis for the solution of semi-structured problems, which often are unique or rapidly changing. Typically, they provide the ability to do what if analysis. While MIS have an internal orientation, DSS will often use data from external sources, as well as data from TPS and MIS. DSS supports right now analysis rather than the long-term structured analysis of MIS. MIS are generally not flexible and provide little analytical capabilities. In contrast, DSS are designed for analytical purposes and are flexible. What are the characteristics of DSS? How do they differ from those of ESS? DSS provide sophisticated analytical models and data analysis tools to support semi structured and unstructured decision-making activities. DSS use data from TPS, MIS, and external sources, provide more analytical power than other systems, combine data, and are interactive. ESS support senior managers with unstructured strategic-level decision making. They may be less analytical than DSS with less use of models such as linear programming or forecasting. However, they often rely on external data and rely heavily on graphics. Describe the relationship between TPS, office systems, KWS, MIS, DSS, and ESS. The various types of systems in the organization exchange data with one another. TPS are a major source of data for other systems, especially MIS and DSS. TPS are operational-level systems that collect transaction data. Examples of these are payroll or order processing that track the flow of the daily routine transactions that are necessary to conduct business. TPS provide data that are required by office systems, KWS, MIS and DSS, although these systems may also use other data. KWS and office systems not only use data from TPS but also from MIS. DSS not only use data from TPS but also from KWS, office systems, and MIS. MIS rely heavily on data from TPS but also use data from KWS and office systems. ESS obtains most of their internal data from MIS and DSS.

From Nihilism to Kingdom Come :: Philosophy Theology Religion Papers

The Final Stage of Mankind’s Education — From Nihilism to Kingdom Come ABSTRACT: I give reasons to believe that our present situation is not as bleak as some would have it. I show how the historical process can be understood in terms of a Premodernity (Aquinas), Modernity (Hegel), and Postmodernity (Nietzsche) division of human history. I argue that both Hegel and Nietzsche were fully aware that Modernity was over and that a negative Postmodern condition was to necessarily precede a consummatory positive one. Also since history may be taken to have reached its goal at the end of Modernity (with Reasons grasp of Christianity’s principle), Postmodernity can best be understood in terms of its central task of elevating all humanity into absolute knowing (the knowing of the God within)—an elevation via Reason and Faith achievable only by the abolition of the God outside, i.e., by a negative followed by a positive period of history, which Schelling refers to as the Church of John, a synthesis of Catholicism and Protestantism, the perfected Churc h. Introduction My thesis, in brief, is that the painful "God is dead" period of history we are presently going through can best be understood as a necessary "transitional period"— the immediate consequence of mankind’s intellectual advance, in the preceding period, viz., the Modern or Age of Reason, beyond the Middle Ages, the Age of Belief. With the apotheosis of the development of the principle of subjectivity in Modern philosophy, i.e., with the attainmeUnprioritized— SDO meetingnt of "absolute knowing," or Reason’s "knowing of the absolute," humanity had outgrown its former manner of relating to substance, the divine: — its eyes opened, it could not go backwards but only forward. From the highest standpoint, it can be said that the movement of history is from the God "outside" to the God "inside"— an inversion process involving three distinct and necessary phases: Premodernity, Modernity, and Postmodernity, to be correlated with Thomas Aquinas, Hegel, a nd Nietzsche, respectively. It appears that as a result of Modernity’s, i.e. Hegel’s, intellectual achievement— in which religion was superseded by philosophy, i.e., Wissenschaft or Science— religion had of necessity to undergo a major crisis. That is, a "God is dead" period of (post-) history had to supervene. However this "negative" period is in no way to be regarded as final or terminal, but instead as the necessary precondition for a "positive," consummatory period of human history, its finale, a period in which, in Schelling’s words, the unification of philosophy, science, and religion will be realized.

Are leaders born or made ? Essay

There is no doubt that leaders develop their leadership skills through life learning experiences, training, coaching, mentoring and hardworking. Some people believe that leaders are born naturally intelligent, visionary, charismatic and able to articulate a plan and rally their teams around it. Yet there are others who says that leaders are both born and made naturally intelligent and extroverted people, enhanced with education, training and experience. We often hear the proverb â€Å"Born to lead†, but it does not mean that leaders are born only but not made, because to be a leader you must first be a follower, true leaders do not walk in the front, they simply follow the rest. Nature may have some influence on who a person becomes. It is the upbringing of a person which either makes him leader or a follower. I think leaders are born as well as are made, because one may have the ability to lead but not the experience and skills to be a leader and skills develop through the life learning experiences. We have many examples of born leaders as well as made leaders. Mahatma Gandhi, Nelson Mandela, Quaid-e-Azam Mohammad Ali Jinnah, Martin Luther King were few of the leaders who make their way to be a leader through their dedication, hard work, experience, intelligence, qualities and skills. Then, there are some born leaders like Prophet Mohammad (P.B.U.H), Jesus, and Prophet Noah are few chosen leaders who lead people of their generation as well as still leading the generations of today. I think it all depends how one perceive about a leader, for me it does not matter that leader are made or born, what matters the most is how leaders develop their skills through their experiences and leadership is a lifetime learning activity. You are never done because there is always more to learn. There are always skills you need to improve.

Personal Statement French Studies Essay

Dear Sir, Dear Madam, I am writing in application for a place in your graduate program, namely the Ph. D. in French Studies with a concentration in Language and Identity, to start in the fall of 2006. I am currently completing my Master 1 at the Sorbonne University (Paris Ill), having also acquired my B. A. (Licence) in that institution. My Bachelors and my current Masters at the Sorbonne primarily consist of the study of French literature and dramaturgical texts from the 16th up until the present day. I have had the opportunity to study in depth classic authors uch as Moliere, Racine or Corneille. I have been especially marked by the latter author in his tragedy â€Å"Le Cid†. My education has also included the works of Rousseau, Beaumarchais, Montesquieu, Hugo, Zola Chateaubriand, Apollinaire, Aragon and other 18th to 20th Century writers. Many of the ideas advanced by these 18th Century writers went on to play a tremendous role in shaping France and Europe via their influence on the revolutionaries of 1789. Hugo and Zola also influenced their generation by exposing societal injustice in their works, most notably n â€Å"Germinal†and â€Å"Les Miserables†. Throughout my high school and university education I have studied foreign languages such as French and English. I have always had a particular passion for France (where I have lived for several years) and French culture and language. I was admitted to the Perm State University in order to learn French. In order to broaden my knowledge I enthusiastically took up the opportunity to move to France, where I have spent most of the last five years of my life, working and studying at the same time. When I arrived in France, I worked as an au pair (alongside my studies), as well as for a tour operator. I have also taught French to both teenagers and adults while in Russia, and Russian and French whilst in France. These experiences have greatly aided me in developing my teaching and communication capabilities. I also have a long-standing interest for history, art and politics, both within Europe, the US, the former Soviet Union and the wider world. I have found these interests to be extremely helpful when studying literature, ocieties and cultures during my education, as they enable one to understand the underlying meaning of texts which are at times hidden, or to place such texts in their broader context. During my education I have closely studied the evolution of the treatment of women in both France and Russia. It seems natural for me to advance as a thesis proposal comparative research into the influence of French and American 20th Century literature on the condition of women in France and the US, and to determine the impact that this had on other groups of society. This topic would allow me to examine issues ranging from personal and group identities to politics and philosophy. I will also be able to bring into such research my own background, as I have also studied extensively Russian authors like Chekhov who also focus on these issues in plays like â€Å"Three Sisters† or â€Å"Uncle Vanya†. I take a great interest in research work, may it be for my courses at university or during my internship in New Orleans, and find it both challenging and extremely rewarding. I have always wanted o graduate from such a prominent institution as Tulane University, which has a well- deserved reputation for excellence. More specifically, study in New Orleans, with Ph. D. in French Studies from Tulane University would constitute both a highly beneficial experience for me and an additional step towards becoming an expert in French literary culture and thought, possibly working in the academic field or within the broader intellectual community. ‘ am motivated and extremely hard working, and would relish the opportunity to study at your institution. I am grateful for your consideration.

Tiempos de Espera Antes de Solicitar la Ciudadanía

Tiempos de Espera Antes de Solicitar la Ciudadanà ­a Despuà ©s de obtener la residencia permanente hay que esperar, en promedio, cinco aà ±os antes de pedir la naturalizacià ³n. Existen otros factores que se deben considerar como son el nà ºmero de meses que se lleva residiendo en el lugar donde se solicita el proceso y el nà ºmero de meses de presencia fà ­sica en Estados Unidos. Adems de los documentos que el proceso de naturalizacià ³n por residencia requiere, hay que aprobar un examen de conocimientos histà ³ricos y cà ­vicos y demostrar niveles bsicos de inglà ©s escrito y hablado. Diversas organizaciones en todo el paà ­s ayudan, de manera gratuita, a prepararse para el examen. Regla General: Cinco Aà ±os de Espera La regla general es que deben pasar cinco  aà ±os desde la fecha en que se obtiene la green card para convertirse en ciudadano americano por naturalizacià ³n. Dicha fecha est consignada expresamente en la tarjeta de residencia. Quienes obtuvieron su residencia temporal por programas de inversià ³n pueden sumar esos dos aà ±os como temporales a los tres como permanentes. La solicitud (formulario N-400) se puede enviar con un mximo de  90 dà ­as antes de cumplirse dichos aà ±os.   Para cumplir con los requisitos de la naturalizacià ³n hay que: Haber residido en la jurisdiccià ³n de la oficina de USCIS a la que se envà ­a la solicitud durante los tres meses anteriores.Haber residido en Estados Unidos de manera continua durante los à ºltimos cinco aà ±os. Hay que contar con la acreditacià ³n de haber estado presente fà ­sicamente en el paà ­s durante 30 meses de dichos cinco aà ±os. Viajes largos o frecuentes a otros paà ­ses pueden generar problemas. Tiempos de Espera en Casos Especà ­ficos Residentes permanentes casados con ciudadanos: en este caso, los residentes pueden pedir la ciudadanà ­a pasados tres aà ±os desde que obtuvieron la residencia permanente, sin importar cà ³mo la obtuvieron en primer lugar. En este caso tienen haber estado casados por tres aà ±os con el mismo ciudadano (no aplica para viudos de ciudadanos), haber residido los à ºltimos tres meses en la jurisdiccià ³n de la USCIS a la que envà ­an la solicitud, acreditar que han residido en Estados Unidos durante los à ºltimos tres aà ±os y demostrar que han estado en territorio estadounidense durante 18 meses de los tres aà ±os. La persona que se casa con un residente que luego se naturaliza sà ³lo puede contar el plazo de los tres aà ±os a partir de la fecha en que su cà ³nyuge se convirtià ³ en ciudadano. Desde la solicitud hasta la naturalizacià ³n hay que residir en Estados Unidos. Excepciones a dicha regla suceden por maltrato conyugal, cuando el cà ³nyuge  maltratado de un ciudadano se separa y pide para sà ­ mismo la green card por  el programa  VAWA apenas tres aà ±os despuà ©s de haber recibido la residencia permanente. Residentes con Residencia Condicional Previa: en este caso, la fecha en la que se inicia a contar los cinco aà ±os es la del dà ­a en la que se obtuvo la residencia condicional. Asilados: en este caso, el aà ±o en el que se residià ³ como asilado en los Estados Unidos suma para la regla de los cinco aà ±os. Asà ­ que cuatro aà ±os despuà ©s de haber obtenido la residencia permanente, se puede solicitar la ciudadanà ­a. La USCIS hace este computo de manera automtica (rollback). Militares y familiares: en este caso, quienes hayan cumplido con honor su servicio pueden solicitar su ciudadanà ­a un aà ±o despuà ©s de haber iniciado el mismo. Si ya no estn en servicio activo pero se les ha dado licencia con honor tienen seis meses desde dicho dà ­a para solicitar su naturalizacià ³n (si pierden este margen de tiempo deben esperar tres o cinco aà ±os de acuerdo a lo que se explicà ³ anteriormente). Si un militar activo que es ciudadano fallece en su labor, su cà ³nyuge, padres e hijos pueden solicitar la residencia permanente. Y si ya son residentes, pueden aplicar inmediatamente por la ciudadanà ­a. Por otro lado, si un militar que es residente permanente fallece en servicio, sus familiares inmediatos pueden pedir la ciudadanà ­a pà ³stuma y, posteriormente, obtener para ellos mismos beneficios migratorios. Veteranos de Guerra: en este caso, todos quienes sirvieron con honor en cualquiera de las ramas del Ejà ©rcito de los Estados Unidos durante à ©poca declarada de hostilidades  en una de las siguientes guerras pueden pedir la ciudadanà ­a americana despuà ©s de haber servido un sà ³lo dà ­a. Dichas à ©pocas son: Primera Guerra Mundial, Segunda Guerra Mundial, Guerra de Corea, Guerra de Vietnam, Guerra del Golfo Pà ©rsico, operacià ³n Enduring Freedom y la operacià ³n Iraqi Freedom. Este es un artà ­culo informativo, no pretende ser asesorà ­a legal.

Benefits and Health Risks Associated with Energy giving Drinks Essay

Benefits and Health Risks Associated with Energy giving Drinks - Essay Example Another secondary reason for this report is to understand the reasons why these drinks are used widely by youths or, in other words, and the consumption rate is widespread in youths (Aronson, 2011). A keen study, review, and analysis of the literature reveal that other stimulant and caffeine substances enclosed in these drinks have a positive and direct effect on the users too. The intended impact of energy drinks is to improve performance and provide sustenance, endurance, and concentration. Almost every Manufacturer pitches their products in work fields that require sustained alertness. But these drinks too have got no position in the adolescents and children’s diet (American Academy of Pediatrics, 20110). In addition, frequent or extreme intake of caloric energy drinks can largely enhance the risk for obesity or overweight adolescents and children’s. Discussion regarding educating the ‘users; of this drinks on how to use it appropriately, either by people who p articipates regularly in endurance or high-intensity of vigorous physical activity is the aim of the report (Brown, 2013). Energy drinks are grouped among beverages containing modest to relatively high levels of caffeine concentration, which gives a range of 50–505 mg caffeine/serving; 2.5–35.7 mg caffeine/oz, in comparison with other caffeinated beverages such as 6-ounce cup of coffee that range 77–150 mg; 12.8–25 mg caffeine/oz. In other words, energy â€Å"shots† are low-volume that is, 1–2 oz beverages and hence, records even a higher percentage in caffeine concentration more than other energy drinks (orange 100–350 mg; 90–171 mg caffeine/ oz (Maughan, 2001). The stimulants in these drinks include caffeine that is marketed as a provider of mental and physical stimulation (Brown, 2012). The energy drinks sometimes may or may not be carbonated though some; may also contain sugar or other sweeteners, amino acids, and herbal extracts. They are a subset or a division of the bigger group of energy products that include gels and bars, and distinct from drinks which are advertised to improve and enhance any performance (Millward, 2003).

What_is_the_marketing_research_and_is_it_useful Essay

What_is_the_marketing_research_and_is_it_useful - Essay Example Understanding the concept of marketing research and its critical importance was the major objective of the current report. It was found that market research entails both advantages and disadvantages. However, advantages outweigh the disadvantages and as a result, market research proves to be a crucial and necessary part of marketing programs conducted in an organisation. Market research transforms raw data into meaningful intelligence. According to American Marketing Association (2014), market research can be defined as a function that links customer, consumer and public to companies and marketers through multiple information mediums. This information is further used for distinguishing and defining numerous marketing problems or threats and opportunities. Various applications of this information include generation, refinement and evaluation of marketing actions, monitoring of marketing performance and facilitation of enhanced understanding and knowledge of marketing. Market research targets the specific information required to address the above issues, design unique methods for collecting data and information, manage as well as implement the collected and filtered data and prepare results and strategize the implications into beneficial action plans (Andreasen, 2002). Market research is conducted in two major forms, pure or basic research and applied research. Basic research is implemented when a researcher wants to discover new information or knowledge. After conducting the research, proper usage of the information is decided. Large corporations and universities generally conduct such researches. On the other hand, applied market research involves planned research wherein the findings are utilized for solving a specific issue or problem (Andreasen, 2002). In general, marketing experts working either for a corporate or independent